This is the analysis script to prepare the data to run analyses for the project “Anxiety, depression and trauma symptom change during the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective versus objective assessment” - Young et al (2020)

Script written by K L Purves, K N Thompson, C Huebel and M Davies. Email: , , ,

#Set up

Clear global environment

Retrieve the current date to use it for file endings to not overwrite files when one exports files

#Packages Install packages (if they are not available in your version of R)

Load packages

Registered S3 method overwritten by 'pryr':
  method      from
  print.bytes Rcpp
For best results, restart R session and update pander using devtools:: or remotes::install_github('rapporter/pander')

Attaching package: 'polycor'
The following object is masked from 'package:psych':

    polyserial
corrplot 0.84 loaded
── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.0 ──
✓ ggplot2 3.3.2     ✓ purrr   0.3.4
✓ tibble  3.0.4     ✓ dplyr   1.0.2
✓ tidyr   1.1.2     ✓ stringr 1.4.0
✓ readr   1.3.1     ✓ forcats 0.5.0
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
x ggplot2::%+%()   masks psych::%+%()
x ggplot2::alpha() masks psych::alpha()
x dplyr::filter()  masks stats::filter()
x dplyr::lag()     masks stats::lag()
x tibble::view()   masks summarytools::view()

R functions

        FunctionLib/lm_forest.R FunctionLib/lm_formula.R
value   ?                       ?                       
visible FALSE                   FALSE                   
        FunctionLib/lm_output.R FunctionLib/raincloud.R
value   ?                       ?                      
visible FALSE                   FALSE

Half-violin plot

Colour palettes

Define colours for plotting this are the standard coping colours

Choose in this chunk which palette to use 04.07.2020 - Default to 2 colour COPING palette

ggplot theme

Set up ggplot theme for the plots

Data import

Source data file paths

Read in data

[1] 32970   643

Important vectors with collections of columns

Vectors for sum_score

 [1] "gad.sum_score_prepan"        "pcl.sum_score_prepan"       
 [3] "phq.sum_score_prepan"        "phq.sum_score_8items_prepan"
 [5] "ocir.sum_score_prepan"       "gad.sum_score_base"         
 [7] "gad.sum_score_retro"         "pcl.sum_score_base"         
 [9] "pcl.sum_score_retro"         "phq.sum_score_base"         
[11] "phq.sum_score_8items_base"   "phq.sum_score_retro"        
[13] "phq.sum_score_8items_retro"  "ocir.sum_score_base"        
[15] "ocir.sum_score_retro"       
[1] "phq.sum_score_prepan" "phq.sum_score_base"   "phq.sum_score_retro" 
[1] "gad.sum_score_prepan" "gad.sum_score_base"   "gad.sum_score_retro" 
[1] "ocir.sum_score_prepan" "ocir.sum_score_base"   "ocir.sum_score_retro" 
[1] "pcl.sum_score_prepan" "pcl.sum_score_base"   "pcl.sum_score_retro"

Vectors for diff_score

 [1] "phq.diff_score_retro_prepan"  "phq.diff_score_base_prepan"  
 [3] "phq.diff_score_base_retro"    "gad.diff_score_retro_prepan" 
 [5] "gad.diff_score_base_prepan"   "gad.diff_score_base_retro"   
 [7] "pcl.diff_score_base_prepan"   "ocir.diff_score_retro_prepan"
 [9] "ocir.diff_score_base_prepan"  "ocir.diff_score_base_retro"  
[1] "phq.diff_score_retro_prepan" "phq.diff_score_base_prepan" 
[3] "phq.diff_score_base_retro"  
[1] "gad.diff_score_retro_prepan" "gad.diff_score_base_prepan" 
[3] "gad.diff_score_base_retro"  
[1] "ocir.diff_score_retro_prepan" "ocir.diff_score_base_prepan" 
[3] "ocir.diff_score_base_retro"

#ANALYSIS PLAN 1. Calculate mean change per disorder group i. Disorders (9) a. Rank the disorders by the size of the change ii. Sex iii. Age (13; RAMP; potentially collapse above 65 depending on group sizes) iv. Ethnicity groups (5; White European, Black (British), Asian, Arab, Mixed)

1. Questionnaire comparions: Calculate mean change per group

gad

Summary scores

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf
Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Table for knitting gad sum score summary table

Change Variable Min Max Mean Median SD Skew Kurtosis
No change Base 0 21 2.710983 1.0 4.484467 2.1561885 4.3402823
No change Prepan 0 21 8.254932 7.0 6.202852 0.4754996 -0.9032129
No change Retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA
Worsening Base 0 21 8.765028 7.0 5.709022 0.5131785 -0.8169438
Worsening Prepan 0 21 9.403875 8.0 5.859497 0.3389671 -0.9329372
Worsening Retro 0 21 4.665087 4.0 4.285430 1.3714955 1.9190355
Improvement Base 0 21 4.763024 3.0 4.812355 1.3705444 1.5963789
Improvement Prepan 0 21 9.228041 8.0 5.817921 0.3295928 -0.9032305
Improvement Retro 0 21 8.331025 7.0 5.476874 0.5159221 -0.5853808
NA Base 0 21 5.634615 4.5 5.897919 1.0732787 0.2309806
NA Prepan 0 21 10.000000 13.0 8.563488 -0.0313927 -1.9895986
NA Retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA

Differences scores

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf
Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Table for knitting gad diff summary table

Change Variable Min Max Mean Median SD Skew Kurtosis
No change Base - prepan -21 20 -2.0498783 -1 4.730325 -0.4870231 1.5079948
No change Base - retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA
No change Prepan - retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA
Worsening Base - prepan -18 21 0.9694803 1 5.309832 -0.0145504 0.6007935
Worsening Base - retro -21 21 4.1004112 3 4.313654 0.7678166 0.8615045
Worsening Prepan - retro -21 18 -3.5772884 -3 5.108094 -0.2892807 0.4412892
Improvement Base - prepan -21 12 -4.0760778 -3 5.490428 -0.2970813 0.1264514
Improvement Base - retro -21 21 -3.5632502 -3 5.339678 0.4581556 2.0535711
Improvement Prepan - retro -21 20 0.3536379 1 5.692678 -0.1576467 0.8754152
NA Base - prepan -9 6 -1.5000000 -2 5.431390 0.0468089 -1.6798094
NA Base - retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA
NA Prepan - retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA

Long format

Plots diff

makes this into percentages

Warning: Removed 59038 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

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Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

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Plots sum

Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

Violin plots

Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymin` is deprecated. Use `fun.min` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymin` is deprecated. Use `fun.min` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymin` is deprecated. Use `fun.min` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymin` is deprecated. Use `fun.min` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 34515 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
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phq

Summary scores

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf
Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Table for knitting phq sum score summary table

Phq.change_binary Variable Min Max Mean Median SD Skew Kurtosis
No change Base 0 27 3.832850 2 5.517463 2.0022113 3.7094751
No change Prepan 0 27 10.489318 9 7.211689 0.4737527 -0.7484781
No change Retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA
Worsening Base 0 27 10.404451 9 6.608591 0.5801606 -0.5566694
Worsening Prepan 0 27 11.731892 11 6.742218 0.3025175 -0.7730617
Worsening Retro 0 27 5.737281 4 5.282766 1.4183023 1.9391315
Improvement Base 0 27 6.741792 5 5.769305 1.0676606 0.7254660
Improvement Prepan 0 27 11.511645 11 6.718528 0.3046296 -0.8118759
Improvement Retro 0 27 9.762891 9 6.776624 0.6120428 -0.4303132
NA Base 0 27 6.175676 3 7.007009 1.0754325 0.1237955
NA Prepan 0 25 11.424242 9 7.583000 0.3851207 -1.1446285
NA Retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA

Differences score

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf
Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Table for knitting phq diff summary table

Phq.change_binary Variable Min Max Mean Median SD Skew Kurtosis
No change Base - prepan -25 23 -1.9826472 -1 5.133551 -0.3168253 1.6880781
No change Base - retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA
No change Prepan - retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA
Worsening Base - prepan -23 24 0.7995943 1 5.546920 -0.0685706 0.8779614
Worsening Base - retro -18 27 4.6638489 4 4.578204 0.9137511 1.2864935
Worsening Prepan - retro -27 21 -4.2498646 -4 5.496923 -0.3766182 0.6037092
Improvement Base - prepan -22 14 -4.0313183 -3 5.595035 -0.4118415 0.2308405
Improvement Base - retro -24 23 -3.0134037 -3 5.599115 0.0469764 1.8000019
Improvement Prepan - retro -27 22 -0.1211679 0 6.134474 -0.0254236 0.7299648
NA Base - prepan -21 8 -0.5312500 0 6.111778 -1.1041870 1.8755762
NA Base - retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA
NA Prepan - retro Inf -Inf NaN NA NA NA NA

Long format

Plots

makes this into percentages

Warning: Removed 57733 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

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Plots sum

Warning: Removed 33521 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

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Violin plots

Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymin` is deprecated. Use `fun.min` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 33521 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
Warning: Removed 33521 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
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Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
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Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 33521 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
Warning: Removed 33521 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
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Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymin` is deprecated. Use `fun.min` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 33521 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
Warning: Removed 33521 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
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Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
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ocir

Summary scores

Warning in min(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf
Warning in max(., na.rm = T): no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf

Table for knitting ocir sum score summary table

Variable Min Max Mean Median SD Skew Kurtosis
Base 0 72 18.13399 15 13.02256 1.1128690 1.1051202
Prepan 1 71 27.48730 26 14.13691 0.6265723 -0.0286904
Retro 0 71 16.84629 14 12.81145 1.1145980 1.0024759

Differences scores

Table for knitting ocir diff summary table

Variable Min Max Mean Median SD Skew Kurtosis
Base - prepan -40 34 -8.043956 -7 10.749154 -0.1101172 0.6746143
Base - retro -44 72 1.358291 1 9.765660 0.2873161 2.2899934
Prepan - retro -30 27 -3.505800 -3 9.301472 -0.0619316 0.3779813

Long format

Plots

makes this into percentages

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Plots sum

Warning: Removed 84119 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

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Violin plots

Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymin` is deprecated. Use `fun.min` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 84119 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
Warning: Removed 84119 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
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Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymin` is deprecated. Use `fun.min` instead.
Warning: `fun.ymax` is deprecated. Use `fun.max` instead.
Warning: Removed 84119 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
Warning: Removed 84119 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
Warning: Removed 84119 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
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++CH: Rank the disorders by the size of the change

PCL: Calculate the total GLAD, COPING, RAMP baseline ## PCL

Table for knitting pcl sum score summary table

Variable Min Max Mean Median SD Skew Kurtosis
Base - prepan -23 24 0.2068164 0 5.666463 -0.0743275 0.6542706

Table for knitting pcl diff summary table

Variable Min Max Mean Median SD Skew Kurtosis
Base 6 30 12.39660 11 6.051887 0.9199235 -0.0452674
Prepan 6 30 15.63577 15 6.120978 0.3799305 -0.7386952

For each item present percentages of how say that this is due to the pandemic

PCL Item Binary_score n prop n_prop
pcl.cut_people_feeling_distant_retro_numeric 0 6243 18.9 6243 (18.9%)
pcl.cut_people_feeling_distant_retro_numeric 1 16068 48.7 16068 (48.7%)
pcl.cut_people_feeling_distant_retro_numeric Missing 10659 32.3 10659 (32.3%)
pcl.difficulty_concentrating_retro_numeric 0 10347 31.4 10347 (31.4%)
pcl.difficulty_concentrating_retro_numeric 1 10762 32.6 10762 (32.6%)
pcl.difficulty_concentrating_retro_numeric Missing 11861 36.0 11861 (36%)
pcl.feeling_irritable_or_having_angry_outbursts_retro_numeric 0 9169 27.8 9169 (27.8%)
pcl.feeling_irritable_or_having_angry_outbursts_retro_numeric 1 10332 31.3 10332 (31.3%)
pcl.feeling_irritable_or_having_angry_outbursts_retro_numeric Missing 13469 40.9 13469 (40.9%)
pcl.stressful_experience_repeated_images_retro_numeric 0 13734 41.7 13734 (41.7%)
pcl.stressful_experience_repeated_images_retro_numeric 1 3028 9.2 3028 (9.2%)
pcl.stressful_experience_repeated_images_retro_numeric Missing 16208 49.2 16208 (49.2%)
pcl.stressful_experience_upset_reminded_retro_numeric 0 14490 43.9 14490 (43.9%)
pcl.stressful_experience_upset_reminded_retro_numeric 1 3874 11.8 3874 (11.8%)
pcl.stressful_experience_upset_reminded_retro_numeric Missing 14606 44.3 14606 (44.3%)
pcl.stressful_situation_avoiding_activities_retro_numeric 0 9688 29.4 9688 (29.4%)
pcl.stressful_situation_avoiding_activities_retro_numeric 1 2558 7.8 2558 (7.8%)
pcl.stressful_situation_avoiding_activities_retro_numeric Missing 20724 62.9 20724 (62.9%)

Plots sum

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Create subsets of data for analyses

Filter data frame to create 2 additional datasets. Additional exclusion criteria (beyond those listed above) are specified below:

  1. Retrospective - baseline change anlyses
    1. Exclude individuals missing retrospective and/or baseline data
  2. Prepandemic - baseline change analyses i. Exclude individuals missing pandemic and/or baseline data ii. Exclude individuals with prepandemic data collected after 1st March.

Retro-baseline analyses

[1] 24519   643

Prepan-baseline analyses Exclude individuals with NA for MHD, age, gender; exclude if prepan data collected after 1 March

[1] 11231   643

Prepan-baseline analyses Exclude individuals with NA for MHD, age, gender; exclude if prepan data collected after 1 March (to ensure comparability with prepan analyses)

[1] 9745  643

age^2 sensitivity Exclude individuals with NA for continuous Age variable

[1] 24817   643
[1] 17093   643
[1] 11231   643

Sensitivity analysis for individuals who signed up to GLAD (prepan) either 3, 6 or 9 months before the pendemic began.

  1. Regression models (Regress covariates out of the change? Which?)

    1. Model 0: Disorders
    2. Model 1: Model 0 + Sex + Age + Ethnicity + Time registration and baseline

  2. Re-calculate change

  3. Re-rank the change again

  4. PCL:

    1. Calculate the total GLAD, COPING, RAMP baseline
    2. For each item:
      1. present percentages of how say that this is due to the pandemic
      2. Calculate a variable PCL pandemic score
      3. If one item is highly endorsed due to pandemic -> exclude in sensitivity analysis

2. Regression

Regress covariates out of the change? Which?

Model naming conventions: 0 - unadjusted 1 - adjusted 2 - adjusted with age^2 a - hierarchical disorders b - overlapping disorder categories

++MD: We may want to exclude disorders from Model b that aren’t including in the hierarchy (e.g. ADHD, ASD)

Functions

GAD baseline, not controlling for prior symptoms

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

#SB Hashing out this chunk of code as it is not included in our final analysis and is currently breaking the code.

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.67 2.59 2.76 0.04 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.63 5.50 5.77 0.07 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 2.08 1.90 2.25 0.09 4.32e-117
Only anxiety disorder 4.03 3.81 4.26 0.11 1.97e-264
Eating disorders 1.46 1.22 1.69 0.12 1.10e-33
OCDs 1.94 1.71 2.17 0.12 8.53e-63
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.38 -0.26 1.02 0.33 0.24
Only psychotic disorder 0.35 -0.20 0.90 0.28 0.21
Only bipolar disorder 0.46 0.11 0.80 0.18 0.009
PTSD 1.56 1.35 1.77 0.11 2.35e-48
ASD 2.18 1.77 2.59 0.21 1.80e-25
ADHD 1.17 0.63 1.71 0.28 2.36e-05
Personality disorder 2.19 1.89 2.49 0.15 5.79e-46
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31331 0.22 0.22 1503.62 0.00e+00 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.68 5.39 5.97 0.15 7.95e-314
Anxiety disorders 2.95 2.69 3.21 0.13 4.43e-109
Eating disorders 2.10 1.29 2.91 0.41 3.46e-07
OCDs 4.00 3.34 4.65 0.34 1.98e-32
PTSD 3.95 3.28 4.62 0.34 3.53e-31
Depressive disorders 4.52 4.38 4.66 0.07 0.00e+00
Bipolar disorders 6.07 5.75 6.39 0.16 7.39e-299
Female 0.99 0.85 1.13 0.07 6.09e-44
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.60 1.03 2.16 0.29 2.83e-08
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 3.22 2.85 3.59 0.19 2.39e-63
19-25 years 1.74 1.48 2.00 0.13 9.71e-40
36-45 years -0.84 -1.05 -0.62 0.11 2.78e-14
46-55 years -1.57 -1.77 -1.37 0.10 1.80e-53
56-65 years -2.60 -2.80 -2.40 0.10 2.99e-145
66-70 years -3.58 -3.83 -3.33 0.13 8.63e-170
71-75 years -3.80 -4.09 -3.52 0.15 9.84e-146
76+ years -3.69 -4.13 -3.25 0.22 2.94e-61
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.04 -0.41 0.49 0.23 0.87
Asian or Asian British -0.31 -0.86 0.23 0.28 0.26
African or African British -0.37 -1.36 0.61 0.50 0.46
Other ethnicity 0.94 0.15 1.74 0.40 0.02
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.24 -0.27 -0.21 0.02 2.58e-55
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31331 0.22 0.22 1503.62 0.00e+00 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.58 5.29 5.86 0.14 2.34e-318
Depressive and anxiety disorder 4.60 4.45 4.74 0.07 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 1.81 1.62 1.99 0.09 5.09e-83
Only anxiety disorder 3.04 2.81 3.28 0.12 2.89e-144
Eating disorders 0.90 0.67 1.13 0.12 3.74e-14
OCDs 1.45 1.23 1.67 0.11 5.39e-37
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.74 0.11 1.36 0.32 0.02
Only psychotic disorder 0.51 -0.03 1.05 0.27 0.06
Only bipolar disorder 0.65 0.31 0.98 0.17 1.82e-04
PTSD 1.58 1.38 1.79 0.11 1.17e-50
ASD 1.31 0.90 1.71 0.21 3.02e-10
ADHD 0.46 -0.08 0.99 0.27 0.09
Personality disorder 1.82 1.52 2.11 0.15 2.67e-33
Female 0.94 0.80 1.07 0.07 2.39e-42
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.68 0.14 1.22 0.28 0.01
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 3.33 2.97 3.68 0.18 1.18e-75
19-25 years 1.61 1.37 1.86 0.13 1.95e-37
36-45 years -0.64 -0.85 -0.44 0.11 1.14e-09
46-55 years -1.15 -1.34 -0.96 0.10 1.07e-31
56-65 years -2.02 -2.21 -1.83 0.10 4.70e-93
66-70 years -2.98 -3.23 -2.73 0.13 6.61e-121
71-75 years -3.21 -3.49 -2.93 0.14 4.74e-108
76+ years -3.09 -3.51 -2.66 0.22 1.77e-46
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.09 -0.34 0.52 0.22 0.67
Asian or Asian British 0.15 -0.36 0.67 0.26 0.56
African or African British -0.35 -1.28 0.59 0.48 0.47
Other ethnicity 0.78 0.02 1.53 0.38 0.04
Key worker -0.35 -0.47 -0.22 0.06 3.75e-08
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.25 -0.27 -0.22 0.01 2.58e-65
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31331 0.22 0.22 1503.62 0.00e+00 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with Age^2

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.79 1.48 2.10 0.16 2.82e-30
Anxiety disorders 2.79 2.48 3.09 0.15 8.31e-72
Eating disorders 2.26 1.33 3.20 0.48 2.18e-06
OCDs 4.45 3.64 5.26 0.41 3.96e-27
PTSD 4.24 3.36 5.11 0.45 2.36e-21
Depressive disorders 4.79 4.63 4.94 0.08 0.00e+00
Bipolar disorders 6.25 5.91 6.59 0.17 2.82e-273
Female 0.71 0.56 0.86 0.08 2.47e-20
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.44 0.84 2.04 0.31 2.89e-06
Age -249.11 -260.21 -238.00 5.66 0.00e+00
Age^2 29.35 19.33 39.37 5.11 9.57e-09
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.03 -0.46 0.53 0.25 0.90
Asian or Asian British -0.06 -0.71 0.60 0.33 0.87
African or African British -0.08 -1.14 0.98 0.54 0.89
Other ethnicity 1.46 0.55 2.38 0.47 0.002
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
24462 0.27 0.27 1541.15 0.00e+00 6

Model 2b: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with Age^2

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.86 1.57 2.16 0.15 7.59e-35
Depressive and anxiety disorder 4.90 4.74 5.06 0.08 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 1.98 1.77 2.18 0.10 1.43e-78
Only anxiety disorder 3.02 2.75 3.29 0.14 3.45e-104
Eating disorders 1.09 0.84 1.34 0.13 2.26e-17
OCDs 1.38 1.13 1.62 0.12 8.67e-29
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.44 -0.27 1.15 0.36 0.23
Only psychotic disorder 0.48 -0.10 1.06 0.30 0.10
Only bipolar disorder 0.64 0.29 0.99 0.18 3.50e-04
PTSD 1.69 1.47 1.92 0.11 3.99e-49
ASD 1.24 0.78 1.71 0.24 1.45e-07
ADHD 0.25 -0.37 0.87 0.32 0.43
Personality disorder 1.75 1.43 2.06 0.16 4.75e-27
Female 0.60 0.45 0.74 0.07 3.86e-16
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.54 -0.03 1.12 0.30 0.07
Age -209.63 -220.75 -198.50 5.68 9.67e-290
Age^2 19.48 9.58 29.38 5.05 1.15e-04
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.00 -0.47 0.48 0.24 0.99
Asian or Asian British 0.34 -0.28 0.95 0.31 0.28
African or African British -0.07 -1.08 0.93 0.51 0.89
Other ethnicity 1.08 0.21 1.95 0.44 0.01
Key worker -0.35 -0.49 -0.22 0.07 2.62e-07
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.05 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.004
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
24462 0.27 0.27 1541.15 0.00e+00 6

GAD prepan

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.16 -2.09 -0.22 0.48 0.02
Anxiety disorders 0.19 -0.84 1.22 0.53 0.72
Eating disorders -0.57 -2.60 1.47 1.04 0.59
OCDs -0.14 -1.55 1.26 0.72 0.84
PTSD -0.06 -1.68 1.57 0.83 0.95
Depressive disorders 0.85 -0.09 1.79 0.48 0.08
Bipolar disorders 0.80 -0.21 1.81 0.52 0.12
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11144 0.00 0.00 2.98 0.007 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -0.83 -1.51 -0.16 0.34 0.02
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.45 -0.24 1.13 0.35 0.20
Only depressive disorder 0.98 0.24 1.72 0.38 0.009
Only anxiety disorder -0.24 -1.01 0.53 0.40 0.54
Eating disorders 0.18 -0.15 0.51 0.17 0.29
OCDs -0.26 -0.57 0.05 0.16 0.11
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.51 -1.42 0.39 0.46 0.27
Only psychotic disorder 0.76 0.00 1.52 0.39 0.05
Only bipolar disorder 0.20 -0.26 0.65 0.23 0.40
PTSD 0.14 -0.16 0.43 0.15 0.36
ASD 0.16 -0.44 0.76 0.31 0.61
ADHD -0.74 -1.56 0.09 0.42 0.08
Personality disorder -0.16 -0.57 0.24 0.21 0.43
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11144 0.00 0.00 2.98 0.007 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.46 -2.55 -0.37 0.56 0.009
Anxiety disorders 0.12 -0.92 1.15 0.53 0.82
Eating disorders -0.72 -2.76 1.31 1.04 0.49
OCDs -0.25 -1.65 1.16 0.72 0.73
PTSD -0.21 -1.85 1.43 0.84 0.80
Depressive disorders 0.74 -0.20 1.69 0.48 0.12
Bipolar disorders 0.75 -0.26 1.77 0.52 0.15
Female 0.49 0.21 0.77 0.14 5.16e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.43 -0.37 1.22 0.40 0.29
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -0.50 -1.17 0.17 0.34 0.14
19-25 years 0.04 -0.32 0.40 0.18 0.84
36-45 years 0.16 -0.16 0.48 0.16 0.33
46-55 years -0.03 -0.34 0.28 0.16 0.86
56-65 years 0.16 -0.19 0.50 0.18 0.37
66-70 years -0.25 -0.85 0.36 0.31 0.42
71-75 years -0.32 -1.12 0.49 0.41 0.44
76+ years 0.43 -1.14 1.99 0.80 0.59
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.30 -0.42 1.01 0.37 0.42
Asian or Asian British -0.25 -1.42 0.92 0.60 0.68
African or African British -1.72 -3.58 0.14 0.95 0.07
Other ethnicity 0.15 -0.95 1.25 0.56 0.78
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.00 -0.07 0.06 0.03 0.90
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11144 0.00 0.00 2.98 0.007 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 1b + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.18 -2.07 -0.29 0.46 0.010
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.38 -0.31 1.07 0.35 0.28
Only depressive disorder 0.92 0.17 1.67 0.38 0.02
Only anxiety disorder -0.29 -1.07 0.49 0.40 0.46
Eating disorders 0.14 -0.20 0.47 0.17 0.42
OCDs -0.26 -0.58 0.05 0.16 0.10
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.39 -1.30 0.52 0.47 0.40
Only psychotic disorder 0.79 0.02 1.55 0.39 0.04
Only bipolar disorder 0.29 -0.17 0.75 0.23 0.21
PTSD 0.11 -0.18 0.41 0.15 0.46
ASD 0.25 -0.36 0.87 0.31 0.41
ADHD -0.72 -1.55 0.10 0.42 0.09
Personality disorder -0.19 -0.60 0.22 0.21 0.36
Female 0.46 0.18 0.74 0.14 0.001
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.46 -0.33 1.25 0.40 0.26
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -0.49 -1.16 0.17 0.34 0.14
19-25 years 0.04 -0.32 0.41 0.18 0.81
36-45 years 0.12 -0.20 0.43 0.16 0.47
46-55 years -0.09 -0.40 0.22 0.16 0.55
56-65 years 0.09 -0.26 0.44 0.18 0.63
66-70 years -0.33 -0.95 0.28 0.31 0.29
71-75 years -0.30 -1.11 0.51 0.41 0.46
76+ years 0.38 -1.19 1.94 0.80 0.64
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.32 -0.40 1.04 0.37 0.39
Asian or Asian British -0.18 -1.35 0.98 0.60 0.76
African or African British -1.66 -3.52 0.20 0.95 0.08
Other ethnicity 0.06 -1.03 1.14 0.55 0.92
Key worker 0.17 -0.05 0.39 0.11 0.12
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.01 -0.07 0.06 0.03 0.86
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11144 0.00 0.00 2.98 0.007 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with Age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2+ Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.43 -2.51 -0.36 0.55 0.009
Anxiety disorders 0.13 -0.91 1.16 0.53 0.81
Eating disorders -0.71 -2.74 1.32 1.04 0.49
OCDs -0.24 -1.64 1.17 0.72 0.74
PTSD -0.20 -1.83 1.44 0.84 0.81
Depressive disorders 0.75 -0.19 1.70 0.48 0.12
Bipolar disorders 0.76 -0.26 1.77 0.52 0.14
Female 0.49 0.21 0.77 0.14 5.11e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.43 -0.37 1.22 0.40 0.29
Age 0.85 -10.34 12.04 5.71 0.88
Age^2 -9.12 -20.08 1.83 5.59 0.10
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.30 -0.42 1.02 0.37 0.42
Asian or Asian British -0.25 -1.42 0.92 0.60 0.67
African or African British -1.72 -3.58 0.14 0.95 0.07
Other ethnicity 0.14 -0.96 1.24 0.56 0.80
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.01 -0.07 0.06 0.03 0.86
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11144 0.00 0.00 2.98 0.007 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with Age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.19 -2.06 -0.33 0.44 0.007
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.40 -0.28 1.09 0.35 0.25
Only depressive disorder 0.95 0.20 1.69 0.38 0.01
Only anxiety disorder -0.27 -1.05 0.51 0.40 0.49
Eating disorders 0.13 -0.20 0.47 0.17 0.43
OCDs -0.26 -0.58 0.05 0.16 0.10
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.40 -1.32 0.51 0.47 0.39
Only psychotic disorder 0.79 0.03 1.55 0.39 0.04
Only bipolar disorder 0.28 -0.17 0.74 0.23 0.22
PTSD 0.10 -0.19 0.40 0.15 0.50
ASD 0.24 -0.37 0.85 0.31 0.44
ADHD -0.72 -1.55 0.10 0.42 0.09
Personality disorder -0.18 -0.59 0.23 0.21 0.38
Female 0.46 0.18 0.74 0.14 0.001
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.46 -0.33 1.25 0.40 0.25
Age -2.09 -13.50 9.31 5.82 0.72
Age^2 -8.26 -19.55 3.02 5.76 0.15
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.32 -0.40 1.04 0.37 0.38
Asian or Asian British -0.19 -1.36 0.98 0.60 0.75
African or African British -1.66 -3.52 0.20 0.95 0.08
Other ethnicity 0.05 -1.03 1.13 0.55 0.93
Key worker 0.16 -0.06 0.38 0.11 0.15
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.01 -0.07 0.06 0.03 0.82
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11144 0.00 0.00 2.98 0.007 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.25 1.42 3.07 0.42 9.22e-08
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.55 0.53 0.56 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.59 -0.31 1.49 0.46 0.20
Eating disorders 0.79 -0.98 2.57 0.91 0.38
OCDs 1.42 0.19 2.65 0.63 0.02
PTSD 1.15 -0.27 2.57 0.73 0.11
Depressive disorders 1.51 0.68 2.33 0.42 3.39e-04
Bipolar disorders 1.86 0.98 2.75 0.45 3.80e-05
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11144 0.32 0.32 743.84 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.98 2.38 3.58 0.30 1.34e-22
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.52 0.50 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.83 0.23 1.42 0.30 0.006
Only depressive disorder -0.24 -0.88 0.40 0.33 0.47
Only anxiety disorder 0.11 -0.56 0.78 0.34 0.76
Eating disorders 0.73 0.44 1.02 0.15 6.17e-07
OCDs 0.61 0.34 0.88 0.14 1.08e-05
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.53 -1.31 0.26 0.40 0.19
Only psychotic disorder 0.39 -0.27 1.05 0.34 0.24
Only bipolar disorder 0.17 -0.23 0.56 0.20 0.41
PTSD 0.75 0.50 1.01 0.13 5.96e-09
ASD 0.90 0.38 1.42 0.27 7.08e-04
ADHD -0.13 -0.84 0.59 0.36 0.73
Personality disorder 0.92 0.56 1.27 0.18 3.95e-07
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11165 0.01 0.01 11.04 2.61e-12 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.44 1.48 3.41 0.49 7.47e-07
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.52 0.50 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.56 -0.34 1.46 0.46 0.22
Eating disorders 0.67 -1.09 2.43 0.90 0.46
OCDs 1.21 -0.01 2.43 0.62 0.05
PTSD 1.42 -0.01 2.84 0.73 0.05
Depressive disorders 1.60 0.78 2.43 0.42 1.34e-04
Bipolar disorders 2.08 1.19 2.97 0.45 4.33e-06
Female 0.52 0.28 0.76 0.12 2.00e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.81 0.13 1.50 0.35 0.02
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 0.95 0.37 1.53 0.30 0.001
19-25 years 0.73 0.41 1.04 0.16 5.99e-06
36-45 years -0.18 -0.45 0.10 0.14 0.20
46-55 years -0.51 -0.77 -0.24 0.14 2.04e-04
56-65 years -1.00 -1.30 -0.70 0.15 1.00e-10
66-70 years -2.05 -2.58 -1.52 0.27 4.63e-14
71-75 years -2.35 -3.06 -1.65 0.36 5.92e-11
76+ years -1.76 -3.12 -0.41 0.69 0.01
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.08 -0.55 0.71 0.32 0.80
Asian or Asian British -0.16 -1.18 0.85 0.52 0.75
African or African British -0.75 -2.36 0.86 0.82 0.36
Other ethnicity 0.56 -0.40 1.51 0.49 0.25
Key worker -0.33 -0.52 -0.14 0.10 5.05e-04
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.00 -0.06 0.05 0.03 0.92
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11165 0.01 0.01 11.04 2.61e-12 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.07 2.30 3.85 0.40 1.02e-14
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.49 0.48 0.51 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.92 0.33 1.51 0.30 0.002
Only depressive disorder 0.01 -0.63 0.65 0.33 0.97
Only anxiety disorder 0.07 -0.60 0.74 0.34 0.84
Eating disorders 0.61 0.32 0.89 0.15 3.68e-05
OCDs 0.53 0.26 0.80 0.14 1.23e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.26 -1.04 0.52 0.40 0.52
Only psychotic disorder 0.45 -0.20 1.10 0.33 0.18
Only bipolar disorder 0.32 -0.07 0.71 0.20 0.11
PTSD 0.82 0.56 1.07 0.13 2.73e-10
ASD 0.71 0.18 1.23 0.27 0.009
ADHD -0.22 -0.93 0.49 0.36 0.55
Personality disorder 0.79 0.44 1.15 0.18 1.09e-05
Female 0.40 0.16 0.64 0.12 9.70e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.41 -0.27 1.09 0.35 0.23
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.04 0.47 1.60 0.29 3.68e-04
19-25 years 0.75 0.44 1.06 0.16 2.44e-06
36-45 years -0.15 -0.42 0.12 0.14 0.29
46-55 years -0.43 -0.70 -0.17 0.14 0.001
56-65 years -0.87 -1.17 -0.56 0.15 1.82e-08
66-70 years -1.85 -2.37 -1.32 0.27 7.69e-12
71-75 years -2.04 -2.73 -1.34 0.36 1.01e-08
76+ years -1.53 -2.87 -0.18 0.69 0.03
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.06 -0.56 0.68 0.32 0.86
Asian or Asian British -0.03 -1.03 0.97 0.51 0.95
African or African British -0.68 -2.27 0.92 0.81 0.41
Other ethnicity 0.46 -0.47 1.39 0.47 0.33
Key worker -0.22 -0.41 -0.04 0.09 0.02
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.00 -0.05 0.06 0.03 0.89
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11165 0.01 0.01 11.04 2.61e-12 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.18 1.24 3.13 0.48 6.27e-06
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.52 0.50 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.54 -0.36 1.44 0.46 0.24
Eating disorders 0.64 -1.12 2.40 0.90 0.48
OCDs 1.21 -0.01 2.43 0.62 0.05
PTSD 1.39 -0.03 2.81 0.72 0.06
Depressive disorders 1.58 0.75 2.40 0.42 1.76e-04
Bipolar disorders 2.05 1.16 2.93 0.45 5.98e-06
Female 0.51 0.27 0.75 0.12 3.68e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.79 0.11 1.48 0.35 0.02
Age -71.62 -81.61 -61.63 5.10 1.87e-44
Age^2 -9.21 -18.97 0.56 4.98 0.06
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.06 -0.56 0.69 0.32 0.85
Asian or Asian British -0.16 -1.17 0.86 0.52 0.76
African or African British -0.75 -2.35 0.86 0.82 0.36
Other ethnicity 0.55 -0.41 1.50 0.49 0.26
Key worker -0.34 -0.53 -0.16 0.10 3.15e-04
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.00 -0.06 0.05 0.03 0.95
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11165 0.01 0.01 11.04 2.61e-12 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.88 2.13 3.63 0.38 5.95e-14
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.49 0.48 0.51 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.88 0.29 1.47 0.30 0.004
Only depressive disorder -0.01 -0.65 0.63 0.33 0.99
Only anxiety disorder 0.04 -0.63 0.71 0.34 0.91
Eating disorders 0.61 0.32 0.90 0.15 3.18e-05
OCDs 0.52 0.25 0.79 0.14 1.45e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.24 -1.03 0.54 0.40 0.54
Only psychotic disorder 0.47 -0.18 1.12 0.33 0.16
Only bipolar disorder 0.32 -0.07 0.71 0.20 0.11
PTSD 0.83 0.57 1.08 0.13 1.83e-10
ASD 0.73 0.20 1.25 0.27 0.007
ADHD -0.25 -0.96 0.46 0.36 0.49
Personality disorder 0.75 0.40 1.10 0.18 3.18e-05
Female 0.39 0.15 0.63 0.12 0.001
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.40 -0.28 1.08 0.35 0.25
Age -66.05 -76.03 -56.06 5.09 3.74e-38
Age^2 -5.73 -15.42 3.96 4.94 0.25
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.04 -0.58 0.66 0.32 0.90
Asian or Asian British -0.03 -1.03 0.97 0.51 0.95
African or African British -0.68 -2.28 0.92 0.81 0.40
Other ethnicity 0.46 -0.47 1.38 0.47 0.34
Key worker -0.23 -0.42 -0.05 0.09 0.01
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.01 -0.05 0.06 0.03 0.86
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11165 0.01 0.01 11.04 2.61e-12 6

GAD prepan: sensitivity

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline #### Subset of participants 3 months prior to pandemic

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.34 -0.05 4.72 1.21 0.05
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.54 0.49 0.60 0.03 1.22e-63
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.73 -0.92 2.38 0.84 0.39
Only depressive disorder -0.27 -2.04 1.51 0.90 0.77
Only anxiety disorder 0.11 -1.87 2.08 1.01 0.92
Eating disorders 0.88 -0.16 1.92 0.53 0.10
OCDs 0.03 -1.02 1.08 0.54 0.96
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.81 -3.33 1.71 1.28 0.53
Only psychotic disorder 0.37 -2.23 2.96 1.32 0.78
Only bipolar disorder -0.53 -2.17 1.11 0.84 0.53
PTSD 2.02 1.06 2.98 0.49 3.84e-05
ASD 1.10 -0.73 2.92 0.93 0.24
ADHD -0.19 -2.74 2.36 1.30 0.88
Personality disorder -0.51 -1.83 0.80 0.67 0.44
Female 0.64 -0.22 1.49 0.44 0.14
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.79 -3.92 2.33 1.59 0.62
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.36 -0.51 3.22 0.95 0.15
19-25 years 0.83 -0.44 2.10 0.64 0.20
36-45 years -0.05 -1.11 1.01 0.54 0.93
46-55 years -0.36 -1.42 0.70 0.54 0.50
56-65 years -0.27 -1.38 0.84 0.56 0.63
66-70 years -1.36 -3.33 0.61 1.00 0.17
71-75 years -0.92 -3.73 1.88 1.43 0.52
76+ years 0.39 -3.07 3.86 1.76 0.82
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.49 -2.75 1.78 1.15 0.67
Asian or Asian British -0.18 -3.79 3.43 1.84 0.92
African or African British -3.14 -7.41 1.13 2.18 0.15
Other ethnicity 0.61 -3.62 4.84 2.16 0.78
Key worker 0.25 -0.48 0.97 0.37 0.50
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.01 -0.18 0.16 0.09 0.89
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
828 0.01 0.00 1.47 0.18 6

Subset of participants 6 months prior to pandemic

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.12 0.46 3.79 0.85 0.01
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.54 0.50 0.58 0.02 1.01e-128
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.82 -0.26 1.90 0.55 0.14
Only depressive disorder -0.20 -1.39 0.98 0.60 0.74
Only anxiety disorder 0.31 -0.99 1.62 0.66 0.64
Eating disorders 0.55 -0.20 1.30 0.38 0.15
OCDs 0.58 -0.12 1.28 0.36 0.11
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.47 -2.50 1.56 1.03 0.65
Only psychotic disorder 0.47 -1.08 2.02 0.79 0.55
Only bipolar disorder -0.10 -1.15 0.96 0.54 0.85
PTSD 1.73 1.07 2.40 0.34 4.05e-07
ASD 0.33 -1.04 1.69 0.70 0.64
ADHD -0.61 -2.22 1.00 0.82 0.46
Personality disorder 0.51 -0.40 1.43 0.47 0.27
Female 0.58 -0.02 1.18 0.31 0.06
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.94 -0.98 2.86 0.98 0.34
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.26 0.11 2.41 0.59 0.03
19-25 years 0.90 0.02 1.78 0.45 0.04
36-45 years -0.28 -1.03 0.47 0.38 0.47
46-55 years -0.59 -1.33 0.15 0.38 0.12
56-65 years -0.46 -1.26 0.33 0.40 0.25
66-70 years -1.02 -2.36 0.31 0.68 0.13
71-75 years -1.42 -3.01 0.17 0.81 0.08
76+ years 0.41 -2.05 2.87 1.25 0.74
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.71 -0.84 2.27 0.79 0.37
Asian or Asian British -0.71 -2.78 1.36 1.06 0.50
African or African British -3.09 -6.58 0.40 1.78 0.08
Other ethnicity -0.37 -2.84 2.10 1.26 0.77
Key worker 0.06 -0.43 0.56 0.25 0.80
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.00 -0.14 0.13 0.07 0.95
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1634 0.00 0.00 1.22 0.29 6

Subset of participants 9 months prior to pandemic

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.70 1.39 4.00 0.67 5.16e-05
gad.sum_score_prepan 0.53 0.50 0.57 0.02 6.85e-209
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.03 0.17 1.88 0.44 0.02
Only depressive disorder 0.22 -0.71 1.14 0.47 0.65
Only anxiety disorder 0.49 -0.54 1.53 0.53 0.35
Eating disorders 0.92 0.34 1.50 0.29 0.002
OCDs 0.57 0.03 1.11 0.28 0.04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.66 -2.16 0.85 0.77 0.39
Only psychotic disorder 0.74 -0.47 1.94 0.62 0.23
Only bipolar disorder 0.22 -0.59 1.02 0.41 0.60
PTSD 1.36 0.85 1.87 0.26 1.50e-07
ASD 0.07 -1.00 1.13 0.54 0.90
ADHD -0.63 -1.94 0.68 0.67 0.35
Personality disorder 0.77 0.07 1.48 0.36 0.03
Female 0.42 -0.04 0.87 0.23 0.07
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.00 -0.42 2.41 0.72 0.17
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.12 0.13 2.12 0.51 0.03
19-25 years 0.48 -0.21 1.17 0.35 0.17
36-45 years -0.24 -0.81 0.34 0.29 0.42
46-55 years -0.53 -1.08 0.02 0.28 0.06
56-65 years -0.80 -1.39 -0.20 0.30 0.009
66-70 years -1.23 -2.21 -0.25 0.50 0.01
71-75 years -1.05 -2.23 0.14 0.60 0.08
76+ years -0.61 -2.65 1.43 1.04 0.56
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.84 -0.47 2.15 0.67 0.21
Asian or Asian British -0.16 -1.77 1.46 0.83 0.85
African or African British -0.23 -2.97 2.51 1.40 0.87
Other ethnicity 0.04 -1.60 1.68 0.84 0.96
Key worker -0.05 -0.43 0.32 0.19 0.78
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.06 -0.16 0.05 0.05 0.28
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
2710 0.01 0.00 2.99 0.007 6

##KT

GAD retro

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.58 2.44 2.72 0.07 9.69e-272
Anxiety disorders 0.82 0.51 1.13 0.16 1.80e-07
Eating disorders 0.41 -0.51 1.33 0.47 0.38
OCDs 1.10 0.32 1.88 0.40 0.006
PTSD 1.01 0.24 1.78 0.39 0.01
Depressive disorders 0.87 0.71 1.04 0.09 4.00e-24
Bipolar disorders 0.86 0.49 1.24 0.19 5.71e-06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
18588 0.01 0.01 18.23 3.23e-21 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.58 2.45 2.71 0.07 2.17e-303
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.85 0.68 1.03 0.09 4.94e-21
Only depressive disorder 0.25 0.01 0.48 0.12 0.04
Only anxiety disorder 0.86 0.58 1.15 0.14 2.26e-09
Eating disorders 0.49 0.22 0.76 0.14 4.28e-04
OCDs 0.05 -0.21 0.31 0.13 0.72
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.20 -0.96 0.56 0.39 0.61
Only psychotic disorder -0.28 -0.94 0.38 0.34 0.41
Only bipolar disorder -0.21 -0.62 0.19 0.21 0.30
PTSD 0.41 0.17 0.66 0.12 8.72e-04
ASD 0.36 -0.12 0.83 0.24 0.14
ADHD 0.01 -0.63 0.64 0.32 0.99
Personality disorder 0.29 -0.06 0.64 0.18 0.11
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
18588 0.01 0.01 18.23 3.23e-21 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.16 3.79 4.53 0.19 3.46e-106
Anxiety disorders 0.57 0.24 0.89 0.17 6.03e-04
Eating disorders 0.02 -0.92 0.96 0.48 0.97
OCDs 0.53 -0.26 1.33 0.41 0.19
PTSD 0.77 -0.02 1.57 0.41 0.06
Depressive disorders 0.63 0.44 0.82 0.10 3.98e-11
Bipolar disorders 0.64 0.26 1.03 0.20 0.001
Female 0.77 0.57 0.97 0.10 2.03e-14
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.24 -0.90 0.42 0.34 0.48
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -0.32 -0.74 0.11 0.22 0.15
19-25 years 0.70 0.40 0.99 0.15 3.26e-06
36-45 years -0.50 -0.75 -0.24 0.13 1.37e-04
46-55 years -0.69 -0.93 -0.45 0.12 1.86e-08
56-65 years -0.85 -1.09 -0.60 0.12 1.02e-11
66-70 years -1.14 -1.49 -0.78 0.18 3.25e-10
71-75 years -1.54 -1.98 -1.11 0.22 3.76e-12
76+ years -1.86 -2.61 -1.10 0.38 1.32e-06
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.65 -1.19 -0.11 0.27 0.02
Asian or Asian British -0.45 -1.16 0.26 0.36 0.22
African or African British -0.99 -2.26 0.29 0.65 0.13
Other ethnicity 0.14 -0.78 1.06 0.47 0.76
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.23 -0.26 -0.19 0.02 7.45e-34
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
18588 0.01 0.01 18.23 3.23e-21 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.94 3.57 4.31 0.19 2.33e-95
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.65 0.45 0.84 0.10 5.79e-11
Only depressive disorder 0.25 0.00 0.51 0.13 0.05
Only anxiety disorder 0.63 0.33 0.93 0.15 3.24e-05
Eating disorders 0.28 0.01 0.56 0.14 0.04
OCDs -0.09 -0.36 0.17 0.14 0.49
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.10 -0.67 0.86 0.39 0.80
Only psychotic disorder -0.05 -0.71 0.62 0.34 0.89
Only bipolar disorder -0.11 -0.52 0.30 0.21 0.60
PTSD 0.43 0.18 0.68 0.13 6.91e-04
ASD 0.36 -0.13 0.85 0.25 0.15
ADHD -0.06 -0.70 0.58 0.33 0.85
Personality disorder 0.18 -0.18 0.53 0.18 0.33
Female 0.73 0.53 0.93 0.10 3.89e-13
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.32 -0.98 0.34 0.34 0.35
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -0.20 -0.62 0.22 0.21 0.35
19-25 years 0.74 0.45 1.03 0.15 7.34e-07
36-45 years -0.50 -0.75 -0.24 0.13 1.23e-04
46-55 years -0.67 -0.91 -0.43 0.12 4.76e-08
56-65 years -0.72 -0.97 -0.47 0.13 1.06e-08
66-70 years -0.87 -1.23 -0.51 0.18 2.39e-06
71-75 years -1.28 -1.72 -0.84 0.22 1.08e-08
76+ years -1.58 -2.33 -0.84 0.38 3.15e-05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.57 -1.10 -0.04 0.27 0.04
Asian or Asian British -0.22 -0.91 0.46 0.35 0.53
African or African British -1.10 -2.36 0.17 0.65 0.09
Other ethnicity 0.08 -0.82 0.98 0.46 0.86
Key worker 0.31 0.15 0.47 0.08 1.21e-04
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.22 -0.26 -0.19 0.02 6.21e-34
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
18588 0.01 0.01 18.23 3.23e-21 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.11 1.67 2.55 0.22 3.78e-21
Anxiety disorders 0.54 0.13 0.95 0.21 0.01
Eating disorders 0.38 -0.80 1.56 0.60 0.53
OCDs 0.30 -0.74 1.33 0.53 0.57
PTSD 1.17 0.06 2.28 0.57 0.04
Depressive disorders 0.95 0.71 1.18 0.12 1.84e-15
Bipolar disorders 1.00 0.56 1.44 0.22 8.36e-06
Female 0.64 0.41 0.86 0.11 2.43e-08
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.60 -1.34 0.14 0.38 0.11
Age -78.61 -90.75 -66.48 6.19 9.73e-37
Age^2 7.32 -4.16 18.79 5.85 0.21
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.67 -1.29 -0.04 0.32 0.04
Asian or Asian British -0.22 -1.14 0.69 0.47 0.64
African or African British -0.99 -2.50 0.51 0.77 0.20
Other ethnicity 0.30 -0.81 1.41 0.57 0.59
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.07 -0.12 -0.02 0.03 0.007
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
13420 0.01 0.01 30.14 4.04e-36 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.99 1.55 2.43 0.22 5.51e-19
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.94 0.71 1.18 0.12 6.86e-15
Only depressive disorder 0.48 0.17 0.79 0.16 0.002
Only anxiety disorder 0.60 0.22 0.98 0.19 0.002
Eating disorders 0.26 -0.05 0.58 0.16 0.10
OCDs -0.27 -0.57 0.03 0.15 0.08
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.33 -0.57 1.24 0.46 0.47
Only psychotic disorder -0.06 -0.81 0.68 0.38 0.87
Only bipolar disorder -0.11 -0.56 0.33 0.23 0.62
PTSD 0.58 0.30 0.86 0.14 5.59e-05
ASD 0.15 -0.44 0.73 0.30 0.62
ADHD 0.09 -0.70 0.88 0.40 0.82
Personality disorder 0.31 -0.09 0.71 0.20 0.13
Female 0.57 0.35 0.79 0.11 5.57e-07
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.73 -1.47 0.01 0.38 0.05
Age -71.07 -83.54 -58.61 6.36 7.14e-29
Age^2 14.94 3.24 26.64 5.97 0.01
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.62 -1.24 0.01 0.32 0.05
Asian or Asian British -0.10 -0.99 0.79 0.45 0.82
African or African British -1.01 -2.51 0.49 0.77 0.19
Other ethnicity 0.11 -0.98 1.19 0.55 0.85
Key worker 0.33 0.15 0.51 0.09 4.48e-04
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.07 -0.12 -0.02 0.03 0.009
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
13420 0.01 0.01 30.14 4.04e-36 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.53 3.40 3.67 0.07 0.00e+00
gad.sum_score_retro 0.61 0.59 0.62 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 1.81 1.52 2.11 0.15 1.59e-33
Eating disorders 1.26 0.40 2.13 0.44 0.004
OCDs 2.70 1.97 3.44 0.38 5.91e-13
PTSD 2.16 1.43 2.88 0.37 5.60e-09
Depressive disorders 2.28 2.11 2.45 0.09 1.24e-151
Bipolar disorders 2.94 2.57 3.30 0.18 7.53e-57
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
18588 0.32 0.32 1276.84 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.75 3.62 3.88 0.07 0.00e+00
gad.sum_score_retro 0.55 0.54 0.57 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.31 2.14 2.49 0.09 3.78e-148
Only depressive disorder 0.67 0.45 0.89 0.11 2.55e-09
Only anxiety disorder 1.89 1.63 2.16 0.14 4.35e-44
Eating disorders 0.78 0.53 1.03 0.13 1.83e-09
OCDs 0.75 0.50 0.99 0.12 2.15e-09
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.10 -0.60 0.81 0.36 0.77
Only psychotic disorder 0.03 -0.58 0.65 0.31 0.92
Only bipolar disorder 0.16 -0.21 0.54 0.19 0.40
PTSD 0.84 0.61 1.07 0.12 3.49e-13
ASD 1.02 0.58 1.46 0.22 6.19e-06
ADHD 0.44 -0.15 1.03 0.30 0.14
Personality disorder 1.09 0.76 1.42 0.17 6.62e-11
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23100 0.15 0.15 660.52 0.00e+00 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.57 5.21 5.92 0.18 1.94e-203
gad.sum_score_retro 0.56 0.54 0.57 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 1.48 1.17 1.78 0.15 1.74e-21
Eating disorders 0.77 -0.10 1.64 0.44 0.08
OCDs 1.90 1.16 2.64 0.38 5.35e-07
PTSD 1.97 1.23 2.72 0.38 2.08e-07
Depressive disorders 2.07 1.89 2.25 0.09 6.67e-109
Bipolar disorders 2.77 2.40 3.13 0.19 3.79e-49
Female 0.76 0.57 0.94 0.09 6.88e-16
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.28 -0.34 0.90 0.31 0.37
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.04 0.64 1.44 0.21 3.99e-07
19-25 years 0.99 0.72 1.26 0.14 1.53e-12
36-45 years -0.59 -0.83 -0.35 0.12 1.03e-06
46-55 years -0.93 -1.15 -0.70 0.11 4.28e-16
56-65 years -1.38 -1.61 -1.15 0.12 2.43e-32
66-70 years -1.90 -2.24 -1.57 0.17 1.69e-28
71-75 years -2.35 -2.76 -1.94 0.21 3.58e-29
76+ years -2.39 -3.09 -1.68 0.36 2.67e-11
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.40 -0.90 0.10 0.26 0.12
Asian or Asian British -0.28 -0.94 0.38 0.34 0.40
African or African British -0.54 -1.72 0.65 0.60 0.38
Other ethnicity 0.40 -0.45 1.25 0.43 0.36
Key worker -0.04 -0.19 0.11 0.08 0.57
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.23 -0.26 -0.19 0.02 5.00e-39
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23100 0.15 0.15 660.52 0.00e+00 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.57 5.22 5.91 0.18 2.04e-213
gad.sum_score_retro 0.51 0.50 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.14 1.96 2.33 0.09 5.63e-112
Only depressive disorder 0.79 0.55 1.02 0.12 3.73e-11
Only anxiety disorder 1.61 1.33 1.88 0.14 3.52e-30
Eating disorders 0.52 0.26 0.77 0.13 7.23e-05
OCDs 0.57 0.33 0.82 0.13 5.11e-06
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.42 -0.28 1.13 0.36 0.24
Only psychotic disorder 0.26 -0.36 0.87 0.31 0.41
Only bipolar disorder 0.30 -0.08 0.67 0.19 0.13
PTSD 0.92 0.69 1.15 0.12 3.22e-15
ASD 0.78 0.33 1.23 0.23 6.86e-04
ADHD 0.24 -0.34 0.83 0.30 0.42
Personality disorder 1.00 0.67 1.33 0.17 2.71e-09
Female 0.70 0.52 0.88 0.09 2.62e-14
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.11 -0.71 0.50 0.31 0.73
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.27 0.88 1.66 0.20 1.26e-10
19-25 years 1.00 0.73 1.27 0.14 2.66e-13
36-45 years -0.54 -0.77 -0.30 0.12 6.99e-06
46-55 years -0.77 -0.99 -0.55 0.11 9.51e-12
56-65 years -1.11 -1.34 -0.88 0.12 9.03e-22
66-70 years -1.52 -1.86 -1.19 0.17 2.59e-19
71-75 years -1.94 -2.34 -1.54 0.21 5.15e-21
76+ years -1.99 -2.67 -1.31 0.35 1.19e-08
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.30 -0.79 0.18 0.25 0.22
Asian or Asian British 0.08 -0.55 0.70 0.32 0.81
African or African British -0.55 -1.71 0.61 0.59 0.35
Other ethnicity 0.34 -0.48 1.16 0.42 0.42
Key worker 0.05 -0.10 0.19 0.08 0.54
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.23 -0.26 -0.20 0.02 3.00e-42
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23100 0.15 0.15 660.52 0.00e+00 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.86 2.45 3.27 0.21 2.77e-42
gad.sum_score_retro 0.55 0.53 0.57 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 1.52 1.14 1.90 0.19 5.56e-15
Eating disorders 1.29 0.20 2.37 0.55 0.02
OCDs 2.09 1.13 3.04 0.49 1.83e-05
PTSD 2.58 1.56 3.60 0.52 7.90e-07
Depressive disorders 2.53 2.30 2.75 0.11 5.15e-106
Bipolar disorders 3.22 2.81 3.64 0.21 7.32e-52
Female 0.58 0.38 0.79 0.11 3.34e-08
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.04 -0.72 0.64 0.35 0.91
Age -121.81 -133.25 -110.37 5.84 5.00e-95
Age^2 10.76 -0.12 21.64 5.55 0.05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.45 -1.03 0.13 0.30 0.13
Asian or Asian British 0.08 -0.76 0.93 0.43 0.84
African or African British -0.39 -1.77 1.00 0.71 0.58
Other ethnicity 0.70 -0.32 1.72 0.52 0.18
Key worker -0.05 -0.22 0.12 0.09 0.57
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.02 -0.07 0.02 0.02 0.34
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
16839 0.19 0.19 657.64 0.00e+00 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.95 2.55 3.35 0.20 6.62e-47
gad.sum_score_retro 0.51 0.50 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.56 2.34 2.79 0.11 8.33e-109
Only depressive disorder 1.13 0.85 1.42 0.14 4.84e-15
Only anxiety disorder 1.70 1.35 2.04 0.18 9.09e-22
Eating disorders 0.58 0.30 0.87 0.15 7.10e-05
OCDs 0.40 0.12 0.67 0.14 0.005
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.39 -0.43 1.22 0.42 0.35
Only psychotic disorder 0.34 -0.34 1.02 0.35 0.32
Only bipolar disorder 0.32 -0.09 0.73 0.21 0.12
PTSD 1.06 0.81 1.32 0.13 5.87e-16
ASD 0.64 0.11 1.17 0.27 0.02
ADHD 0.39 -0.32 1.11 0.36 0.28
Personality disorder 1.04 0.68 1.41 0.19 2.42e-08
Female 0.48 0.28 0.69 0.10 3.17e-06
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.43 -1.10 0.24 0.34 0.21
Age -106.59 -118.02 -95.17 5.83 1.00e-73
Age^2 15.03 4.38 25.68 5.43 0.006
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.41 -0.98 0.16 0.29 0.16
Asian or Asian British 0.28 -0.53 1.09 0.41 0.50
African or African British -0.39 -1.75 0.98 0.70 0.58
Other ethnicity 0.52 -0.46 1.51 0.50 0.30
Key worker 0.06 -0.11 0.23 0.09 0.48
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.02 -0.06 0.03 0.02 0.47
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
16839 0.19 0.19 657.64 0.00e+00 6

GAD retro: sensitivity

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.16 1.00 3.32 0.59 2.65e-04
Anxiety disorders 1.11 -0.16 2.38 0.65 0.09
Eating disorders 1.99 -0.40 4.38 1.22 0.10
OCDs 1.16 -0.57 2.88 0.88 0.19
PTSD 1.80 -0.09 3.70 0.97 0.06
Depressive disorders 1.19 0.03 2.36 0.60 0.05
Bipolar disorders 1.05 -0.20 2.30 0.64 0.10
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8058 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.47 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.55 1.72 3.38 0.42 1.97e-09
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.73 -0.11 1.57 0.43 0.09
Only depressive disorder 0.15 -0.76 1.07 0.47 0.74
Only anxiety disorder 0.84 -0.11 1.78 0.48 0.08
Eating disorders 0.55 0.16 0.93 0.20 0.006
OCDs -0.21 -0.57 0.15 0.18 0.25
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.30 -1.39 0.79 0.56 0.59
Only psychotic disorder -0.16 -1.07 0.74 0.46 0.73
Only bipolar disorder -0.29 -0.83 0.24 0.27 0.28
PTSD 0.39 0.06 0.73 0.17 0.02
ASD 0.22 -0.49 0.92 0.36 0.55
ADHD 0.12 -0.86 1.09 0.50 0.81
Personality disorder 0.42 -0.06 0.90 0.24 0.09
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8058 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.47 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.53 1.19 3.87 0.68 2.09e-04
Anxiety disorders 0.98 -0.28 2.24 0.64 0.13
Eating disorders 1.67 -0.70 4.05 1.21 0.17
OCDs 0.89 -0.83 2.60 0.87 0.31
PTSD 1.93 0.04 3.81 0.96 0.04
Depressive disorders 1.21 0.05 2.38 0.59 0.04
Bipolar disorders 1.16 -0.08 2.40 0.63 0.07
Female 0.67 0.33 1.01 0.17 1.19e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.64 -1.56 0.28 0.47 0.17
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -0.22 -0.99 0.55 0.39 0.57
19-25 years 0.72 0.31 1.12 0.21 6.15e-04
36-45 years -0.46 -0.82 -0.09 0.19 0.01
46-55 years -0.66 -1.02 -0.30 0.18 3.07e-04
56-65 years -1.17 -1.58 -0.76 0.21 2.72e-08
66-70 years -1.43 -2.21 -0.66 0.40 2.99e-04
71-75 years -2.06 -3.11 -1.02 0.53 1.07e-04
76+ years -2.91 -5.13 -0.69 1.13 0.01
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.80 -1.63 0.03 0.42 0.06
Asian or Asian British 0.11 -1.25 1.47 0.69 0.87
African or African British -1.80 -3.88 0.28 1.06 0.09
Other ethnicity 0.19 -1.09 1.47 0.65 0.77
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.07 -0.15 0.00 0.04 0.06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8058 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.47 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.81 1.73 3.89 0.55 3.43e-07
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.70 -0.14 1.55 0.43 0.10
Only depressive disorder 0.37 -0.55 1.28 0.47 0.43
Only anxiety disorder 0.67 -0.28 1.61 0.48 0.17
Eating disorders 0.37 -0.02 0.76 0.20 0.06
OCDs -0.27 -0.63 0.09 0.18 0.15
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.05 -1.04 1.13 0.55 0.93
Only psychotic disorder 0.11 -0.80 1.02 0.46 0.81
Only bipolar disorder -0.16 -0.70 0.37 0.27 0.55
PTSD 0.46 0.12 0.80 0.17 0.008
ASD 0.25 -0.46 0.96 0.36 0.49
ADHD 0.21 -0.76 1.18 0.50 0.67
Personality disorder 0.29 -0.19 0.77 0.24 0.24
Female 0.59 0.25 0.93 0.17 6.96e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.76 -1.68 0.15 0.47 0.10
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -0.09 -0.86 0.67 0.39 0.81
19-25 years 0.74 0.33 1.15 0.21 3.67e-04
36-45 years -0.44 -0.81 -0.08 0.19 0.02
46-55 years -0.65 -1.01 -0.29 0.18 4.19e-04
56-65 years -1.05 -1.47 -0.64 0.21 6.61e-07
66-70 years -1.23 -2.01 -0.45 0.40 0.002
71-75 years -1.70 -2.74 -0.66 0.53 0.001
76+ years -2.61 -4.83 -0.39 1.13 0.02
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.74 -1.57 0.09 0.42 0.08
Asian or Asian British 0.14 -1.20 1.49 0.69 0.83
African or African British -1.78 -3.86 0.30 1.06 0.09
Other ethnicity 0.01 -1.24 1.26 0.64 0.99
Key worker 0.36 0.11 0.61 0.13 0.005
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.07 -0.15 0.00 0.04 0.06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8058 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.47 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.62 3.56 5.69 0.54 2.04e-17
gad.sum_score_retro 0.52 0.50 0.55 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 1.15 0.00 2.31 0.59 0.05
Eating disorders 2.74 0.56 4.93 1.11 0.01
OCDs 2.21 0.64 3.78 0.80 0.006
PTSD 2.11 0.39 3.84 0.88 0.02
Depressive disorders 1.73 0.66 2.79 0.54 0.001
Bipolar disorders 2.17 1.03 3.31 0.58 1.86e-04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8058 0.20 0.20 290.49 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.45 4.69 6.21 0.39 2.82e-44
gad.sum_score_retro 0.48 0.46 0.51 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.89 0.13 1.65 0.39 0.02
Only depressive disorder -0.64 -1.46 0.18 0.42 0.13
Only anxiety disorder 0.67 -0.18 1.52 0.43 0.12
Eating disorders 0.88 0.53 1.23 0.18 8.46e-07
OCDs 0.51 0.19 0.84 0.17 0.002
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.33 -1.31 0.65 0.50 0.51
Only psychotic disorder 0.14 -0.68 0.95 0.42 0.74
Only bipolar disorder 0.07 -0.41 0.55 0.25 0.77
PTSD 0.84 0.54 1.15 0.16 6.51e-08
ASD 0.86 0.23 1.49 0.32 0.008
ADHD 0.52 -0.36 1.39 0.45 0.25
Personality disorder 1.26 0.83 1.69 0.22 1.31e-08
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
9688 0.01 0.01 11.18 1.82e-12 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.79 3.56 6.02 0.63 2.48e-14
gad.sum_score_retro 0.50 0.48 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 1.15 0.00 2.30 0.58 0.05
Eating disorders 2.58 0.42 4.73 1.10 0.02
OCDs 1.99 0.43 3.54 0.79 0.01
PTSD 2.50 0.79 4.21 0.87 0.004
Depressive disorders 1.98 0.92 3.04 0.54 2.54e-04
Bipolar disorders 2.53 1.39 3.66 0.58 1.24e-05
Female 0.53 0.22 0.84 0.16 7.29e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.00 -0.83 0.84 0.42 0.99
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.11 0.41 1.81 0.36 0.002
19-25 years 0.99 0.61 1.36 0.19 2.00e-07
36-45 years -0.45 -0.79 -0.12 0.17 0.007
46-55 years -0.76 -1.08 -0.43 0.17 5.16e-06
56-65 years -1.48 -1.85 -1.10 0.19 1.10e-14
66-70 years -2.09 -2.80 -1.38 0.36 8.32e-09
71-75 years -2.94 -3.89 -1.99 0.48 1.42e-09
76+ years -2.70 -4.71 -0.68 1.03 0.009
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.60 -1.35 0.15 0.38 0.12
Asian or Asian British 0.20 -1.03 1.43 0.63 0.75
African or African British -0.89 -2.78 0.99 0.96 0.35
Other ethnicity 0.52 -0.64 1.68 0.59 0.38
Key worker -0.16 -0.39 0.07 0.12 0.18
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.04 -0.10 0.03 0.03 0.30
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
9688 0.01 0.01 11.18 1.82e-12 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.61 4.63 6.58 0.50 3.54e-29
gad.sum_score_retro 0.47 0.45 0.49 0.01 1.85e-310
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.03 0.27 1.79 0.39 0.008
Only depressive disorder -0.22 -1.04 0.61 0.42 0.61
Only anxiety disorder 0.58 -0.27 1.42 0.43 0.18
Eating disorders 0.69 0.34 1.04 0.18 1.03e-04
OCDs 0.42 0.10 0.75 0.17 0.01
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.01 -0.98 0.96 0.50 0.99
Only psychotic disorder 0.34 -0.47 1.16 0.41 0.41
Only bipolar disorder 0.21 -0.27 0.69 0.24 0.38
PTSD 0.94 0.63 1.24 0.16 1.63e-09
ASD 0.65 0.02 1.29 0.32 0.04
ADHD 0.53 -0.35 1.40 0.44 0.24
Personality disorder 1.12 0.69 1.55 0.22 3.93e-07
Female 0.39 0.09 0.70 0.16 0.01
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.43 -1.26 0.39 0.42 0.30
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.20 0.51 1.88 0.35 6.42e-04
19-25 years 0.99 0.62 1.35 0.19 1.31e-07
36-45 years -0.40 -0.73 -0.07 0.17 0.02
46-55 years -0.63 -0.95 -0.31 0.17 1.41e-04
56-65 years -1.24 -1.61 -0.87 0.19 7.58e-11
66-70 years -1.81 -2.51 -1.10 0.36 4.77e-07
71-75 years -2.40 -3.34 -1.47 0.48 4.79e-07
76+ years -2.27 -4.26 -0.28 1.01 0.03
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.56 -1.30 0.18 0.38 0.14
Asian or Asian British 0.30 -0.91 1.51 0.62 0.63
African or African British -0.80 -2.67 1.07 0.95 0.40
Other ethnicity 0.38 -0.74 1.50 0.57 0.51
Key worker -0.03 -0.25 0.20 0.12 0.82
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.03 -0.10 0.04 0.03 0.40
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
9688 0.01 0.01 11.18 1.82e-12 6

PHQ baseline, not controlling for prior symptoms

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.31 3.20 3.42 0.05 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 3.48 3.20 3.77 0.15 1.82e-122
Eating disorders 4.06 3.14 4.99 0.47 8.24e-18
OCDs 6.00 5.24 6.76 0.39 3.57e-54
PTSD 5.18 4.42 5.93 0.39 5.41e-41
Depressive disorders 7.19 7.05 7.33 0.07 0.00e+00
Bipolar disorders 9.75 9.39 10.12 0.19 0.00e+00
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31315 0.26 0.26 1846.76 0.00e+00 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.56 3.46 3.66 0.05 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 6.64 6.49 6.79 0.08 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 3.53 3.33 3.73 0.10 7.11e-257
Only anxiety disorder 3.22 2.97 3.48 0.13 5.24e-133
Eating disorders 2.18 1.92 2.45 0.14 4.24e-57
OCDs 2.04 1.78 2.30 0.13 4.62e-54
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.27 -0.46 1.00 0.37 0.47
Only psychotic disorder 0.80 0.17 1.42 0.32 0.01
Only bipolar disorder 1.31 0.91 1.70 0.20 6.16e-11
PTSD 2.05 1.81 2.29 0.12 1.16e-63
ASD 2.80 2.34 3.27 0.24 4.82e-32
ADHD 1.90 1.28 2.51 0.31 1.73e-09
Personality disorder 3.40 3.06 3.74 0.17 6.36e-84
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31315 0.26 0.26 1846.76 0.00e+00 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.23 5.90 6.55 0.17 8.74e-296
Anxiety disorders 2.10 1.81 2.39 0.15 1.28e-44
Eating disorders 2.21 1.30 3.12 0.46 2.04e-06
OCDs 3.14 2.39 3.88 0.38 1.66e-16
PTSD 4.02 3.27 4.78 0.38 1.48e-25
Depressive disorders 5.90 5.75 6.06 0.08 0.00e+00
Bipolar disorders 8.32 7.96 8.68 0.18 0.00e+00
Female 0.92 0.76 1.07 0.08 8.28e-30
Non-binary/Self-defined 2.56 1.92 3.20 0.32 3.18e-15
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 5.85 5.42 6.27 0.22 1.50e-159
19-25 years 2.34 2.05 2.63 0.15 1.44e-55
36-45 years -0.78 -1.02 -0.54 0.12 3.81e-10
46-55 years -1.24 -1.47 -1.02 0.11 3.20e-27
56-65 years -2.42 -2.64 -2.19 0.11 4.02e-99
66-70 years -3.63 -3.91 -3.35 0.14 2.27e-137
71-75 years -3.78 -4.10 -3.45 0.17 2.62e-113
76+ years -3.62 -4.12 -3.13 0.25 1.25e-46
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.38 -0.13 0.89 0.26 0.14
Asian or Asian British -0.13 -0.74 0.49 0.31 0.69
African or African British -0.40 -1.52 0.71 0.57 0.48
Other ethnicity 1.30 0.41 2.20 0.46 0.004
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.21 -0.24 -0.18 0.02 1.40e-35
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31315 0.26 0.26 1846.76 0.00e+00 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.36 6.04 6.68 0.16 3.95e-323
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.55 5.38 5.71 0.08 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 3.37 3.16 3.57 0.11 1.32e-219
Only anxiety disorder 2.04 1.77 2.30 0.13 4.96e-52
Eating disorders 1.56 1.29 1.82 0.13 4.38e-31
OCDs 1.44 1.19 1.69 0.13 6.82e-29
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.55 -0.16 1.26 0.36 0.13
Only psychotic disorder 0.87 0.26 1.48 0.31 0.005
Only bipolar disorder 1.48 1.10 1.86 0.20 3.91e-14
PTSD 2.07 1.84 2.31 0.12 2.84e-67
ASD 1.47 1.01 1.93 0.23 3.78e-10
ADHD 1.10 0.50 1.71 0.31 3.54e-04
Personality disorder 3.05 2.72 3.39 0.17 5.49e-71
Female 0.84 0.68 0.99 0.08 5.13e-27
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.38 0.76 1.99 0.31 1.03e-05
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 5.94 5.54 6.34 0.20 4.13e-184
19-25 years 2.16 1.88 2.44 0.14 1.63e-51
36-45 years -0.60 -0.83 -0.36 0.12 5.81e-07
46-55 years -0.84 -1.05 -0.62 0.11 5.61e-14
56-65 years -1.91 -2.13 -1.69 0.11 1.08e-65
66-70 years -3.18 -3.46 -2.89 0.14 8.09e-108
71-75 years -3.36 -3.68 -3.04 0.16 6.23e-93
76+ years -3.22 -3.70 -2.74 0.24 1.05e-39
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.37 -0.12 0.86 0.25 0.14
Asian or Asian British 0.29 -0.29 0.87 0.30 0.33
African or African British -0.26 -1.32 0.79 0.54 0.62
Other ethnicity 1.03 0.18 1.88 0.44 0.02
Key worker -0.68 -0.82 -0.54 0.07 4.66e-21
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.22 -0.25 -0.19 0.02 1.38e-41
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31315 0.26 0.26 1846.76 0.00e+00 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.35 2.00 2.70 0.18 7.42e-40
Anxiety disorders 2.02 1.67 2.36 0.18 2.36e-30
Eating disorders 2.43 1.37 3.48 0.54 6.88e-06
OCDs 3.93 3.02 4.85 0.47 4.31e-17
PTSD 4.00 3.00 4.99 0.51 4.19e-15
Depressive disorders 6.14 5.96 6.31 0.09 0.00e+00
Bipolar disorders 8.49 8.10 8.88 0.20 0.00e+00
Female 0.56 0.39 0.73 0.09 1.11e-10
Non-binary/Self-defined 2.17 1.48 2.85 0.35 5.98e-10
Age -281.03 -293.64 -268.42 6.43 0.00e+00
Age^2 31.21 19.83 42.59 5.81 7.78e-08
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.43 -0.13 1.00 0.29 0.13
Asian or Asian British 0.04 -0.70 0.78 0.38 0.91
African or African British -0.33 -1.54 0.88 0.61 0.59
Other ethnicity 1.57 0.53 2.61 0.53 0.003
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.09 0.04 0.13 0.02 6.99e-05
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
24450 0.31 0.31 1872.46 0.00e+00 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.64 2.31 2.98 0.17 5.85e-53
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.83 5.65 6.02 0.09 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 3.60 3.37 3.84 0.12 8.27e-196
Only anxiety disorder 2.13 1.83 2.44 0.16 1.22e-41
Eating disorders 1.79 1.51 2.08 0.15 1.62e-34
OCDs 1.46 1.18 1.74 0.14 3.28e-25
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.34 -0.47 1.15 0.41 0.41
Only psychotic disorder 0.83 0.17 1.49 0.34 0.01
Only bipolar disorder 1.48 1.08 1.88 0.20 5.26e-13
PTSD 2.05 1.80 2.31 0.13 2.74e-55
ASD 1.57 1.04 2.10 0.27 6.15e-09
ADHD 0.77 0.06 1.47 0.36 0.03
Personality disorder 2.85 2.49 3.21 0.18 1.53e-53
Female 0.43 0.27 0.59 0.08 2.44e-07
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.09 0.43 1.74 0.34 0.001
Age -250.77 -263.44 -238.10 6.46 1.46e-318
Age^2 14.32 3.04 25.59 5.75 0.01
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.34 -0.20 0.88 0.27 0.22
Asian or Asian British 0.38 -0.32 1.09 0.36 0.28
African or African British -0.23 -1.38 0.91 0.58 0.69
Other ethnicity 1.18 0.19 2.17 0.50 0.02
Key worker -0.71 -0.87 -0.56 0.08 4.35e-20
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.10 0.05 0.14 0.02 4.77e-06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
24450 0.31 0.31 1872.46 0.00e+00 6

PHQ prepan

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.65 -2.63 -0.67 0.50 9.81e-04
Anxiety disorders 1.89 0.81 2.97 0.55 5.93e-04
Eating disorders 0.02 -2.07 2.12 1.07 0.98
OCDs 1.82 0.36 3.29 0.75 0.01
PTSD 1.28 -0.43 2.99 0.87 0.14
Depressive disorders 1.19 0.20 2.17 0.50 0.02
Bipolar disorders 0.79 -0.27 1.85 0.54 0.15
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11134 0.00 0.00 3.57 0.002 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.55 -2.26 -0.84 0.36 1.69e-05
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.08 0.36 1.79 0.37 0.003
Only depressive disorder 0.94 0.16 1.71 0.39 0.02
Only anxiety disorder 1.75 0.94 2.56 0.41 2.28e-05
Eating disorders 0.37 0.02 0.72 0.18 0.04
OCDs 0.01 -0.32 0.33 0.17 0.96
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.79 -1.75 0.17 0.49 0.11
Only psychotic disorder 0.13 -0.66 0.92 0.40 0.75
Only bipolar disorder -0.32 -0.80 0.15 0.24 0.18
PTSD -0.17 -0.48 0.13 0.16 0.26
ASD 0.35 -0.28 0.98 0.32 0.28
ADHD 0.07 -0.79 0.93 0.44 0.87
Personality disorder -0.02 -0.44 0.41 0.22 0.93
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11134 0.00 0.00 3.57 0.002 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -2.11 -3.25 -0.97 0.58 2.93e-04
Anxiety disorders 1.81 0.73 2.89 0.55 0.001
Eating disorders -0.14 -2.24 1.96 1.07 0.90
OCDs 1.64 0.18 3.11 0.75 0.03
PTSD 1.03 -0.69 2.75 0.88 0.24
Depressive disorders 1.13 0.14 2.11 0.50 0.03
Bipolar disorders 0.78 -0.28 1.85 0.54 0.15
Female 0.29 0.00 0.58 0.15 0.05
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.11 -0.93 0.72 0.42 0.80
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 0.03 -0.67 0.72 0.35 0.94
19-25 years 0.06 -0.32 0.44 0.19 0.75
36-45 years -0.04 -0.37 0.29 0.17 0.83
46-55 years -0.34 -0.66 -0.02 0.16 0.04
56-65 years -0.36 -0.72 0.00 0.18 0.05
66-70 years -0.31 -0.94 0.32 0.32 0.33
71-75 years -0.67 -1.51 0.17 0.43 0.12
76+ years 0.19 -1.46 1.83 0.84 0.82
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.01 -0.76 0.74 0.38 0.97
Asian or Asian British -1.33 -2.55 -0.11 0.62 0.03
African or African British -1.38 -3.32 0.56 0.99 0.16
Other ethnicity -0.01 -1.15 1.14 0.58 0.99
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11134 0.00 0.00 3.57 0.002 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -2.14 -3.08 -1.21 0.48 6.68e-06
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.09 0.37 1.81 0.37 0.003
Only depressive disorder 0.99 0.21 1.77 0.40 0.01
Only anxiety disorder 1.72 0.91 2.54 0.42 3.52e-05
Eating disorders 0.32 -0.03 0.68 0.18 0.07
OCDs -0.02 -0.34 0.31 0.17 0.92
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.69 -1.65 0.28 0.49 0.16
Only psychotic disorder 0.15 -0.65 0.94 0.41 0.72
Only bipolar disorder -0.22 -0.70 0.25 0.24 0.36
PTSD -0.17 -0.48 0.14 0.16 0.27
ASD 0.35 -0.29 0.99 0.33 0.29
ADHD 0.05 -0.81 0.91 0.44 0.91
Personality disorder -0.06 -0.48 0.37 0.22 0.80
Female 0.26 -0.04 0.55 0.15 0.09
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.11 -0.94 0.72 0.42 0.79
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 0.05 -0.64 0.74 0.35 0.90
19-25 years 0.04 -0.34 0.42 0.19 0.83
36-45 years -0.02 -0.35 0.31 0.17 0.92
46-55 years -0.32 -0.64 0.00 0.16 0.05
56-65 years -0.33 -0.69 0.04 0.19 0.08
66-70 years -0.20 -0.84 0.43 0.32 0.53
71-75 years -0.53 -1.38 0.32 0.43 0.22
76+ years 0.29 -1.36 1.94 0.84 0.73
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.02 -0.73 0.77 0.38 0.96
Asian or Asian British -1.19 -2.41 0.03 0.62 0.06
African or African British -1.35 -3.29 0.59 0.99 0.17
Other ethnicity -0.22 -1.35 0.92 0.58 0.71
Key worker 0.12 -0.10 0.35 0.12 0.29
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11134 0.00 0.00 3.57 0.002 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -2.27 -3.39 -1.15 0.57 7.15e-05
Anxiety disorders 1.82 0.74 2.90 0.55 9.45e-04
Eating disorders -0.13 -2.22 1.97 1.07 0.91
OCDs 1.65 0.19 3.12 0.75 0.03
PTSD 1.07 -0.65 2.79 0.88 0.22
Depressive disorders 1.15 0.16 2.13 0.50 0.02
Bipolar disorders 0.81 -0.26 1.87 0.54 0.14
Female 0.29 0.00 0.58 0.15 0.05
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.12 -0.94 0.71 0.42 0.79
Age -17.77 -29.44 -6.10 5.95 0.003
Age^2 -0.13 -11.56 11.30 5.83 0.98
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.01 -0.77 0.74 0.38 0.97
Asian or Asian British -1.33 -2.55 -0.11 0.62 0.03
African or African British -1.39 -3.33 0.55 0.99 0.16
Other ethnicity -0.01 -1.15 1.14 0.58 0.99
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.07
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11134 0.00 0.00 3.57 0.002 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -2.28 -3.18 -1.38 0.46 7.30e-07
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.10 0.38 1.82 0.37 0.003
Only depressive disorder 1.00 0.22 1.78 0.40 0.01
Only anxiety disorder 1.73 0.91 2.55 0.42 3.20e-05
Eating disorders 0.32 -0.03 0.67 0.18 0.07
OCDs -0.02 -0.34 0.31 0.17 0.91
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.69 -1.65 0.27 0.49 0.16
Only psychotic disorder 0.16 -0.63 0.96 0.41 0.69
Only bipolar disorder -0.22 -0.69 0.26 0.24 0.37
PTSD -0.17 -0.48 0.13 0.16 0.26
ASD 0.34 -0.30 0.98 0.33 0.30
ADHD 0.06 -0.80 0.92 0.44 0.89
Personality disorder -0.06 -0.49 0.37 0.22 0.79
Female 0.25 -0.04 0.54 0.15 0.09
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.12 -0.95 0.71 0.42 0.77
Age -15.27 -27.18 -3.35 6.08 0.01
Age^2 0.62 -11.18 12.41 6.02 0.92
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.02 -0.74 0.77 0.38 0.96
Asian or Asian British -1.19 -2.41 0.03 0.62 0.06
African or African British -1.37 -3.31 0.57 0.99 0.17
Other ethnicity -0.21 -1.35 0.92 0.58 0.71
Key worker 0.12 -0.11 0.34 0.12 0.31
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11134 0.00 0.00 3.57 0.002 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.15 1.27 3.04 0.45 1.76e-06
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.61 0.60 0.63 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.84 -0.13 1.80 0.49 0.09
Eating disorders 0.25 -1.62 2.12 0.95 0.79
OCDs 1.91 0.61 3.21 0.66 0.004
PTSD 1.14 -0.38 2.66 0.78 0.14
Depressive disorders 1.83 0.95 2.71 0.45 4.61e-05
Bipolar disorders 2.21 1.26 3.16 0.48 4.76e-06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11134 0.41 0.41 1107.68 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.76 2.12 3.40 0.33 3.18e-17
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.59 0.57 0.60 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.18 0.55 1.81 0.32 2.47e-04
Only depressive disorder 0.52 -0.16 1.20 0.35 0.13
Only anxiety disorder 0.40 -0.32 1.11 0.37 0.28
Eating disorders 1.02 0.72 1.33 0.16 6.68e-11
OCDs 0.68 0.39 0.96 0.15 4.12e-06
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.69 -1.53 0.16 0.43 0.11
Only psychotic disorder 0.19 -0.50 0.89 0.36 0.58
Only bipolar disorder 0.15 -0.27 0.56 0.21 0.49
PTSD 0.58 0.31 0.85 0.14 2.86e-05
ASD 1.04 0.48 1.59 0.28 2.62e-04
ADHD 0.46 -0.30 1.22 0.39 0.23
Personality disorder 1.28 0.90 1.66 0.19 3.03e-11
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11162 0.02 0.02 44.52 4.15e-54 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.13 1.10 3.16 0.53 5.39e-05
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.58 0.57 0.60 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.74 -0.22 1.70 0.49 0.13
Eating disorders 0.16 -1.69 2.01 0.95 0.87
OCDs 1.60 0.30 2.89 0.66 0.02
PTSD 1.26 -0.26 2.78 0.78 0.10
Depressive disorders 2.00 1.13 2.88 0.45 7.77e-06
Bipolar disorders 2.51 1.56 3.45 0.48 2.12e-07
Female 0.29 0.03 0.54 0.13 0.03
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.69 -0.04 1.42 0.37 0.06
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.75 1.13 2.37 0.32 2.93e-08
19-25 years 0.83 0.49 1.16 0.17 1.39e-06
36-45 years -0.22 -0.51 0.08 0.15 0.15
46-55 years -0.44 -0.73 -0.16 0.14 0.002
56-65 years -1.04 -1.36 -0.72 0.16 2.20e-10
66-70 years -2.06 -2.62 -1.49 0.29 9.24e-13
71-75 years -2.59 -3.34 -1.84 0.38 1.42e-11
76+ years -1.93 -3.39 -0.48 0.74 0.009
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.10 -0.56 0.77 0.34 0.76
Asian or Asian British -0.91 -1.99 0.17 0.55 0.10
African or African British -0.73 -2.44 0.98 0.87 0.41
Other ethnicity 0.38 -0.64 1.39 0.52 0.47
Key worker -0.55 -0.75 -0.35 0.10 6.79e-08
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.03 0.04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11162 0.02 0.02 44.52 4.15e-54 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.70 1.87 3.53 0.42 2.11e-10
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.56 0.55 0.58 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.35 0.71 1.98 0.32 2.96e-05
Only depressive disorder 0.90 0.22 1.58 0.35 0.010
Only anxiety disorder 0.30 -0.41 1.02 0.36 0.41
Eating disorders 0.92 0.62 1.23 0.16 3.68e-09
OCDs 0.57 0.28 0.86 0.15 9.46e-05
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.50 -1.34 0.34 0.43 0.25
Only psychotic disorder 0.24 -0.45 0.94 0.35 0.50
Only bipolar disorder 0.31 -0.10 0.73 0.21 0.14
PTSD 0.66 0.39 0.93 0.14 1.94e-06
ASD 0.68 0.13 1.24 0.29 0.02
ADHD 0.32 -0.43 1.08 0.39 0.40
Personality disorder 1.19 0.82 1.57 0.19 5.96e-10
Female 0.12 -0.14 0.37 0.13 0.37
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.28 -0.44 1.01 0.37 0.44
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.89 1.28 2.49 0.31 1.10e-09
19-25 years 0.83 0.50 1.16 0.17 8.76e-07
36-45 years -0.18 -0.47 0.11 0.15 0.23
46-55 years -0.35 -0.63 -0.07 0.14 0.02
56-65 years -0.90 -1.22 -0.58 0.16 4.07e-08
66-70 years -1.80 -2.36 -1.25 0.29 2.63e-10
71-75 years -2.30 -3.04 -1.55 0.38 1.62e-09
76+ years -1.68 -3.12 -0.23 0.74 0.02
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.07 -0.59 0.73 0.34 0.83
Asian or Asian British -0.67 -1.74 0.39 0.54 0.21
African or African British -0.59 -2.28 1.11 0.87 0.50
Other ethnicity 0.21 -0.78 1.20 0.51 0.68
Key worker -0.45 -0.65 -0.25 0.10 8.96e-06
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.07 0.01 0.13 0.03 0.02
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11162 0.02 0.02 44.52 4.15e-54 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.87 0.86 2.88 0.52 2.98e-04
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.59 0.57 0.60 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.73 -0.23 1.69 0.49 0.14
Eating disorders 0.12 -1.74 1.97 0.95 0.90
OCDs 1.63 0.34 2.93 0.66 0.01
PTSD 1.20 -0.32 2.72 0.78 0.12
Depressive disorders 1.96 1.08 2.83 0.45 1.30e-05
Bipolar disorders 2.45 1.51 3.40 0.48 3.89e-07
Female 0.26 0.01 0.52 0.13 0.04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.66 -0.07 1.39 0.37 0.07
Age -77.27 -87.82 -66.73 5.38 2.26e-46
Age^2 -3.52 -13.92 6.88 5.31 0.51
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.08 -0.58 0.75 0.34 0.80
Asian or Asian British -0.88 -1.96 0.20 0.55 0.11
African or African British -0.72 -2.43 0.99 0.87 0.41
Other ethnicity 0.37 -0.64 1.39 0.52 0.47
Key worker -0.55 -0.75 -0.35 0.10 5.67e-08
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.07 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.03
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11162 0.02 0.02 44.52 4.15e-54 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.53 1.73 3.34 0.41 7.07e-10
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.57 0.55 0.58 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.26 0.63 1.89 0.32 9.04e-05
Only depressive disorder 0.84 0.16 1.52 0.35 0.02
Only anxiety disorder 0.26 -0.46 0.97 0.36 0.48
Eating disorders 0.93 0.62 1.24 0.16 2.88e-09
OCDs 0.56 0.28 0.85 0.15 1.16e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.46 -1.31 0.38 0.43 0.28
Only psychotic disorder 0.27 -0.42 0.97 0.35 0.44
Only bipolar disorder 0.31 -0.11 0.73 0.21 0.14
PTSD 0.67 0.40 0.94 0.14 1.32e-06
ASD 0.74 0.18 1.30 0.29 0.009
ADHD 0.28 -0.47 1.04 0.39 0.47
Personality disorder 1.11 0.74 1.49 0.19 6.87e-09
Female 0.10 -0.16 0.35 0.13 0.46
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.26 -0.47 0.98 0.37 0.48
Age -71.12 -81.71 -60.53 5.40 2.78e-39
Age^2 -0.15 -10.47 10.17 5.27 0.98
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.05 -0.61 0.71 0.34 0.87
Asian or Asian British -0.66 -1.73 0.40 0.54 0.22
African or African British -0.59 -2.29 1.10 0.87 0.49
Other ethnicity 0.20 -0.79 1.20 0.51 0.69
Key worker -0.46 -0.65 -0.26 0.10 6.81e-06
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.07 0.01 0.13 0.03 0.02
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11162 0.02 0.02 44.52 4.15e-54 6

PHQ prepan: sensitivity

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline #### Subset of participants 3 months prior to pandemic

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.20 -0.23 4.63 1.24 0.08
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.64 0.59 0.69 0.03 1.62e-99
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.09 -1.58 1.76 0.85 0.92
Only depressive disorder -0.11 -1.91 1.69 0.92 0.91
Only anxiety disorder -0.15 -2.15 1.85 1.02 0.88
Eating disorders 1.14 0.09 2.20 0.54 0.03
OCDs 0.04 -1.02 1.11 0.54 0.94
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.82 -3.46 1.83 1.35 0.55
Only psychotic disorder -0.84 -3.47 1.78 1.34 0.53
Only bipolar disorder -0.13 -1.80 1.53 0.85 0.88
PTSD 1.41 0.43 2.39 0.50 0.005
ASD 2.51 0.66 4.37 0.94 0.008
ADHD -1.75 -4.34 0.83 1.32 0.18
Personality disorder 0.46 -0.87 1.79 0.68 0.49
Female 0.41 -0.46 1.28 0.44 0.35
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.17 -3.00 3.33 1.61 0.92
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.56 -0.35 3.47 0.97 0.11
19-25 years 0.28 -1.00 1.56 0.65 0.67
36-45 years 0.24 -0.83 1.31 0.55 0.66
46-55 years -0.75 -1.82 0.32 0.55 0.17
56-65 years -0.06 -1.19 1.06 0.57 0.91
66-70 years -0.89 -2.89 1.11 1.02 0.38
71-75 years -2.96 -5.81 -0.11 1.45 0.04
76+ years 1.21 -2.30 4.72 1.79 0.50
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -1.60 -3.90 0.70 1.17 0.17
Asian or Asian British -0.15 -3.81 3.51 1.86 0.94
African or African British -2.48 -6.81 1.85 2.21 0.26
Other ethnicity -2.58 -6.87 1.71 2.19 0.24
Key worker -0.18 -0.91 0.56 0.37 0.64
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 -0.12 0.23 0.09 0.52
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
827 0.02 0.01 2.97 0.007 6

Subset of participants 6 months prior to pandemic

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.94 0.22 3.66 0.88 0.03
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.62 0.59 0.66 0.02 1.08e-190
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.57 -0.55 1.68 0.57 0.32
Only depressive disorder 0.29 -0.93 1.52 0.62 0.64
Only anxiety disorder -0.13 -1.47 1.21 0.69 0.85
Eating disorders 1.35 0.58 2.13 0.39 5.91e-04
OCDs 0.40 -0.33 1.12 0.37 0.28
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -1.39 -3.53 0.75 1.09 0.20
Only psychotic disorder -0.05 -1.65 1.55 0.81 0.95
Only bipolar disorder -0.02 -1.11 1.07 0.55 0.97
PTSD 1.33 0.64 2.03 0.35 1.59e-04
ASD 1.25 -0.15 2.65 0.72 0.08
ADHD -1.00 -2.66 0.65 0.84 0.24
Personality disorder 1.35 0.40 2.29 0.48 0.005
Female 0.30 -0.32 0.92 0.32 0.34
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.53 -1.45 2.50 1.01 0.60
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.98 0.79 3.17 0.61 0.001
19-25 years 0.29 -0.61 1.20 0.46 0.53
36-45 years -0.38 -1.15 0.39 0.39 0.33
46-55 years -0.82 -1.58 -0.05 0.39 0.04
56-65 years -0.47 -1.29 0.34 0.41 0.25
66-70 years -1.28 -2.66 0.09 0.70 0.07
71-75 years -2.98 -4.65 -1.31 0.85 4.65e-04
76+ years -0.07 -2.60 2.45 1.29 0.95
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.84 -2.44 0.76 0.82 0.30
Asian or Asian British -1.05 -3.18 1.07 1.09 0.33
African or African British -1.68 -5.27 1.91 1.83 0.36
Other ethnicity -1.30 -3.92 1.33 1.34 0.33
Key worker -0.23 -0.74 0.27 0.26 0.37
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.09 -0.04 0.23 0.07 0.19
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1633 0.02 0.02 5.49 1.22e-05 6

Subset of participants 9 months prior to pandemic

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.03 1.63 4.44 0.72 2.41e-05
phq.sum_score_prepan 0.60 0.57 0.63 0.01 8.22e-281
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.78 -0.14 1.69 0.47 0.10
Only depressive disorder 0.51 -0.48 1.50 0.51 0.31
Only anxiety disorder -0.30 -1.41 0.81 0.57 0.60
Eating disorders 1.40 0.78 2.02 0.32 9.09e-06
OCDs 0.38 -0.21 0.96 0.30 0.20
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.73 -2.35 0.88 0.82 0.37
Only psychotic disorder 0.55 -0.74 1.84 0.66 0.40
Only bipolar disorder 0.40 -0.46 1.27 0.44 0.36
PTSD 1.17 0.63 1.72 0.28 2.57e-05
ASD 0.79 -0.34 1.93 0.58 0.17
ADHD -0.86 -2.27 0.54 0.72 0.23
Personality disorder 1.35 0.60 2.10 0.38 4.41e-04
Female -0.08 -0.57 0.41 0.25 0.75
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.11 -1.40 1.63 0.77 0.88
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 2.11 1.04 3.18 0.54 1.09e-04
19-25 years 0.37 -0.37 1.11 0.38 0.33
36-45 years -0.19 -0.80 0.42 0.31 0.54
46-55 years -0.43 -1.02 0.16 0.30 0.15
56-65 years -0.68 -1.32 -0.05 0.33 0.04
66-70 years -1.05 -2.10 -0.01 0.53 0.05
71-75 years -2.31 -3.60 -1.02 0.66 4.58e-04
76+ years -0.53 -2.72 1.65 1.11 0.63
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.01 -1.39 1.42 0.72 0.98
Asian or Asian British -1.04 -2.77 0.70 0.88 0.24
African or African British -0.03 -2.96 2.91 1.50 0.99
Other ethnicity -1.26 -3.05 0.52 0.91 0.16
Key worker -0.37 -0.78 0.03 0.21 0.07
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.00 -0.11 0.11 0.06 0.95
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
2709 0.03 0.03 13.19 9.03e-15 6

PHQ retro

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.04 2.90 3.18 0.07 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.61 0.28 0.93 0.17 2.45e-04
Eating disorders 0.57 -0.40 1.54 0.50 0.25
OCDs 1.07 0.29 1.85 0.40 0.007
PTSD 1.06 0.26 1.86 0.41 0.010
Depressive disorders 0.92 0.74 1.09 0.09 1.60e-25
Bipolar disorders 0.89 0.50 1.27 0.20 7.07e-06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
19512 0.01 0.01 18.92 4.40e-22 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.08 2.95 3.22 0.07 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.74 0.56 0.92 0.09 1.08e-15
Only depressive disorder 0.41 0.17 0.65 0.12 8.67e-04
Only anxiety disorder 0.59 0.29 0.88 0.15 9.74e-05
Eating disorders 0.66 0.37 0.94 0.14 5.62e-06
OCDs 0.19 -0.08 0.47 0.14 0.16
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.92 -1.71 -0.14 0.40 0.02
Only psychotic disorder -0.55 -1.23 0.13 0.35 0.11
Only bipolar disorder -0.09 -0.51 0.34 0.22 0.69
PTSD 0.56 0.30 0.81 0.13 1.57e-05
ASD 0.51 0.02 1.00 0.25 0.04
ADHD 0.08 -0.57 0.73 0.33 0.80
Personality disorder 0.29 -0.07 0.65 0.18 0.11
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
19512 0.01 0.01 18.92 4.40e-22 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.48 4.10 4.85 0.19 6.48e-120
Anxiety disorders 0.23 -0.11 0.57 0.17 0.18
Eating disorders 0.03 -0.97 1.03 0.51 0.95
OCDs 0.34 -0.47 1.14 0.41 0.41
PTSD 0.74 -0.09 1.57 0.43 0.08
Depressive disorders 0.68 0.49 0.88 0.10 2.36e-12
Bipolar disorders 0.69 0.29 1.09 0.20 6.81e-04
Female 0.75 0.55 0.95 0.10 2.52e-13
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.16 -0.52 0.84 0.35 0.64
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.41 0.98 1.84 0.22 1.55e-10
19-25 years 0.82 0.52 1.12 0.15 8.57e-08
36-45 years -0.42 -0.68 -0.15 0.13 0.002
46-55 years -0.43 -0.68 -0.18 0.13 6.53e-04
56-65 years -0.59 -0.84 -0.34 0.13 4.85e-06
66-70 years -0.97 -1.33 -0.60 0.18 1.71e-07
71-75 years -1.06 -1.51 -0.61 0.23 4.32e-06
76+ years -1.30 -2.06 -0.53 0.39 9.30e-04
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.21 -0.77 0.34 0.28 0.45
Asian or Asian British -0.19 -0.90 0.52 0.36 0.60
African or African British -0.80 -2.10 0.49 0.66 0.23
Other ethnicity -0.12 -1.06 0.82 0.48 0.80
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.24 -0.27 -0.20 0.02 9.53e-36
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
19512 0.01 0.01 18.92 4.40e-22 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.36 3.98 4.73 0.19 3.49e-113
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.58 0.38 0.78 0.10 1.04e-08
Only depressive disorder 0.45 0.20 0.71 0.13 5.60e-04
Only anxiety disorder 0.25 -0.06 0.57 0.16 0.11
Eating disorders 0.43 0.14 0.72 0.15 0.003
OCDs 0.04 -0.23 0.32 0.14 0.76
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.68 -1.47 0.11 0.40 0.09
Only psychotic disorder -0.42 -1.11 0.27 0.35 0.23
Only bipolar disorder 0.05 -0.38 0.48 0.22 0.83
PTSD 0.57 0.31 0.83 0.13 1.58e-05
ASD 0.19 -0.31 0.69 0.26 0.45
ADHD 0.00 -0.67 0.66 0.34 0.99
Personality disorder 0.25 -0.11 0.62 0.19 0.18
Female 0.68 0.48 0.88 0.10 1.92e-11
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.03 -0.64 0.71 0.34 0.92
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.59 1.17 2.02 0.22 1.43e-13
19-25 years 0.85 0.55 1.14 0.15 2.51e-08
36-45 years -0.42 -0.68 -0.16 0.13 0.002
46-55 years -0.41 -0.66 -0.17 0.13 0.001
56-65 years -0.50 -0.75 -0.24 0.13 1.22e-04
66-70 years -0.75 -1.12 -0.38 0.19 6.96e-05
71-75 years -0.88 -1.34 -0.43 0.23 1.41e-04
76+ years -1.14 -1.90 -0.38 0.39 0.003
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.11 -0.66 0.44 0.28 0.69
Asian or Asian British 0.00 -0.69 0.68 0.35 0.99
African or African British -0.72 -1.99 0.54 0.64 0.26
Other ethnicity -0.22 -1.14 0.69 0.47 0.63
Key worker 0.26 0.09 0.42 0.08 0.002
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.24 -0.27 -0.20 0.02 9.61e-37
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
19512 0.01 0.01 18.92 4.40e-22 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.71 2.28 3.13 0.22 1.73e-35
Anxiety disorders 0.27 -0.15 0.69 0.21 0.21
Eating disorders 0.19 -1.04 1.41 0.62 0.77
OCDs 0.16 -0.84 1.17 0.51 0.75
PTSD 0.92 -0.26 2.10 0.60 0.13
Depressive disorders 0.94 0.71 1.17 0.12 1.60e-15
Bipolar disorders 0.93 0.49 1.38 0.23 3.66e-05
Female 0.51 0.29 0.73 0.11 5.73e-06
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.56 -1.30 0.18 0.38 0.14
Age -77.84 -90.03 -65.65 6.22 9.92e-36
Age^2 7.13 -4.47 18.72 5.92 0.23
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.30 -0.93 0.32 0.32 0.34
Asian or Asian British -0.53 -1.42 0.35 0.45 0.24
African or African British -0.57 -2.08 0.93 0.77 0.45
Other ethnicity 0.10 -1.00 1.19 0.56 0.86
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.08 -0.13 -0.04 0.02 7.21e-04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
14206 0.01 0.01 31.21 1.73e-37 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.63 2.20 3.06 0.22 1.72e-33
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.84 0.60 1.07 0.12 4.07e-12
Only depressive disorder 0.70 0.40 1.01 0.16 7.08e-06
Only anxiety disorder 0.28 -0.11 0.66 0.20 0.16
Eating disorders 0.36 0.04 0.68 0.16 0.03
OCDs -0.10 -0.40 0.21 0.16 0.53
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.54 -1.46 0.38 0.47 0.25
Only psychotic disorder -0.26 -1.01 0.49 0.38 0.50
Only bipolar disorder 0.01 -0.45 0.47 0.23 0.96
PTSD 0.64 0.35 0.93 0.15 1.51e-05
ASD -0.07 -0.65 0.52 0.30 0.83
ADHD 0.09 -0.70 0.88 0.40 0.82
Personality disorder 0.31 -0.09 0.72 0.21 0.13
Female 0.44 0.22 0.66 0.11 9.16e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.65 -1.39 0.08 0.38 0.08
Age -73.63 -86.15 -61.12 6.38 1.25e-30
Age^2 12.99 1.14 24.84 6.05 0.03
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.28 -0.91 0.34 0.32 0.37
Asian or Asian British -0.41 -1.27 0.45 0.44 0.35
African or African British -0.55 -2.01 0.92 0.75 0.47
Other ethnicity -0.08 -1.15 1.00 0.55 0.89
Key worker 0.27 0.09 0.45 0.09 0.004
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.08 -0.13 -0.03 0.02 7.64e-04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
14206 0.01 0.01 31.21 1.73e-37 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.98 3.84 4.12 0.07 0.00e+00
phq.sum_score_retro 0.67 0.65 0.68 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 1.27 0.96 1.58 0.16 5.42e-16
Eating disorders 1.44 0.52 2.36 0.47 0.002
OCDs 2.27 1.53 3.01 0.38 1.97e-09
PTSD 2.06 1.30 2.83 0.39 1.05e-07
Depressive disorders 2.53 2.35 2.70 0.09 4.76e-173
Bipolar disorders 3.32 2.94 3.70 0.19 7.81e-66
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
19512 0.43 0.43 2104.41 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.22 4.09 4.36 0.07 0.00e+00
phq.sum_score_retro 0.63 0.61 0.64 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.33 2.15 2.51 0.09 1.27e-140
Only depressive disorder 1.19 0.96 1.42 0.12 1.20e-24
Only anxiety disorder 1.22 0.94 1.49 0.14 9.57e-18
Eating disorders 1.08 0.81 1.34 0.14 1.85e-15
OCDs 0.78 0.52 1.03 0.13 2.12e-09
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.59 -1.32 0.14 0.37 0.12
Only psychotic disorder -0.16 -0.80 0.48 0.32 0.62
Only bipolar disorder 0.45 0.05 0.84 0.20 0.03
PTSD 1.01 0.77 1.25 0.12 8.41e-17
ASD 1.31 0.85 1.76 0.23 1.83e-08
ADHD 0.74 0.13 1.35 0.31 0.02
Personality disorder 1.39 1.05 1.73 0.17 1.23e-15
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23090 0.18 0.18 844.05 0.00e+00 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.77 5.41 6.13 0.18 9.93e-214
phq.sum_score_retro 0.62 0.60 0.63 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.77 0.45 1.09 0.16 2.05e-06
Eating disorders 0.80 -0.14 1.73 0.48 0.09
OCDs 1.21 0.46 1.95 0.38 0.002
PTSD 1.71 0.93 2.49 0.40 1.72e-05
Depressive disorders 2.37 2.18 2.55 0.10 1.15e-131
Bipolar disorders 3.26 2.87 3.64 0.20 2.05e-61
Female 0.76 0.57 0.95 0.10 1.36e-15
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.96 0.33 1.59 0.32 0.003
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 2.79 2.39 3.20 0.21 5.69e-41
19-25 years 1.26 0.98 1.54 0.14 9.68e-19
36-45 years -0.48 -0.73 -0.24 0.12 1.18e-04
46-55 years -0.55 -0.78 -0.32 0.12 2.35e-06
56-65 years -1.01 -1.24 -0.77 0.12 6.48e-17
66-70 years -1.73 -2.07 -1.38 0.18 9.28e-23
71-75 years -1.80 -2.22 -1.37 0.22 1.18e-16
76+ years -1.88 -2.60 -1.16 0.37 2.90e-07
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.03 -0.54 0.49 0.26 0.92
Asian or Asian British -0.10 -0.76 0.56 0.34 0.76
African or African British -0.65 -1.86 0.55 0.61 0.29
Other ethnicity 0.29 -0.58 1.16 0.45 0.51
Key worker -0.18 -0.33 -0.02 0.08 0.03
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.22 -0.26 -0.19 0.02 3.86e-37
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23090 0.18 0.18 844.05 0.00e+00 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.83 5.48 6.18 0.18 2.42e-228
phq.sum_score_retro 0.58 0.57 0.60 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.24 2.05 2.43 0.10 7.13e-114
Only depressive disorder 1.39 1.15 1.63 0.12 5.58e-30
Only anxiety disorder 0.78 0.50 1.07 0.15 1.00e-07
Eating disorders 0.81 0.54 1.08 0.14 2.71e-09
OCDs 0.58 0.32 0.83 0.13 9.22e-06
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.29 -1.02 0.44 0.37 0.43
Only psychotic disorder -0.01 -0.64 0.63 0.32 0.99
Only bipolar disorder 0.65 0.25 1.05 0.20 0.001
PTSD 1.10 0.86 1.34 0.12 2.99e-19
ASD 0.73 0.27 1.20 0.24 0.002
ADHD 0.53 -0.08 1.14 0.31 0.09
Personality disorder 1.40 1.06 1.75 0.17 8.14e-16
Female 0.66 0.47 0.84 0.09 2.70e-12
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.48 -0.14 1.10 0.32 0.13
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 3.12 2.73 3.51 0.20 1.70e-54
19-25 years 1.27 1.00 1.55 0.14 1.03e-19
36-45 years -0.44 -0.69 -0.20 0.12 3.00e-04
46-55 years -0.43 -0.66 -0.20 0.12 2.01e-04
56-65 years -0.79 -1.02 -0.55 0.12 4.45e-11
66-70 years -1.40 -1.74 -1.06 0.17 6.41e-16
71-75 years -1.46 -1.88 -1.05 0.21 7.48e-12
76+ years -1.59 -2.29 -0.89 0.36 8.56e-06
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.06 -0.44 0.57 0.26 0.81
Asian or Asian British 0.18 -0.45 0.81 0.32 0.58
African or African British -0.53 -1.70 0.63 0.59 0.37
Other ethnicity 0.15 -0.70 0.99 0.43 0.73
Key worker -0.08 -0.24 0.07 0.08 0.28
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.23 -0.26 -0.19 0.02 6.78e-39
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23090 0.18 0.18 844.05 0.00e+00 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.43 3.03 3.83 0.20 2.52e-62
phq.sum_score_retro 0.63 0.62 0.65 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.83 0.44 1.22 0.20 3.19e-05
Eating disorders 1.24 0.11 2.38 0.58 0.03
OCDs 1.50 0.57 2.44 0.48 0.002
PTSD 2.15 1.06 3.25 0.56 1.17e-04
Depressive disorders 2.69 2.46 2.91 0.12 8.71e-118
Bipolar disorders 3.52 3.09 3.94 0.22 1.84e-58
Female 0.51 0.30 0.71 0.10 1.24e-06
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.32 -0.37 1.00 0.35 0.36
Age -119.77 -131.34 -108.20 5.90 3.49e-90
Age^2 11.26 0.18 22.34 5.65 0.05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.09 -0.67 0.49 0.30 0.76
Asian or Asian British -0.26 -1.07 0.56 0.42 0.54
African or African British -0.53 -1.92 0.86 0.71 0.46
Other ethnicity 0.51 -0.51 1.53 0.52 0.33
Key worker -0.17 -0.34 0.00 0.09 0.05
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.04 -0.08 0.01 0.02 0.11
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
16833 0.23 0.23 815.64 0.00e+00 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.55 3.16 3.94 0.20 2.58e-69
phq.sum_score_retro 0.60 0.59 0.62 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.54 2.32 2.77 0.12 7.45e-105
Only depressive disorder 1.73 1.45 2.02 0.14 7.49e-33
Only anxiety disorder 0.91 0.56 1.27 0.18 4.53e-07
Eating disorders 0.84 0.55 1.14 0.15 2.06e-08
OCDs 0.45 0.17 0.74 0.14 0.002
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.35 -1.19 0.49 0.43 0.42
Only psychotic disorder 0.12 -0.56 0.81 0.35 0.72
Only bipolar disorder 0.62 0.20 1.05 0.21 0.004
PTSD 1.11 0.85 1.38 0.14 2.20e-16
ASD 0.52 -0.02 1.06 0.28 0.06
ADHD 0.51 -0.22 1.23 0.37 0.17
Personality disorder 1.30 0.93 1.67 0.19 8.51e-12
Female 0.37 0.17 0.58 0.10 2.97e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.03 -0.71 0.64 0.35 0.92
Age -109.81 -121.38 -98.24 5.90 2.87e-76
Age^2 15.49 4.61 26.36 5.55 0.005
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.09 -0.66 0.48 0.29 0.76
Asian or Asian British -0.06 -0.85 0.73 0.40 0.88
African or African British -0.48 -1.83 0.86 0.69 0.48
Other ethnicity 0.27 -0.72 1.25 0.50 0.60
Key worker -0.07 -0.24 0.10 0.09 0.40
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.03 -0.07 0.02 0.02 0.20
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
16833 0.23 0.23 815.64 0.00e+00 6

PHQ retro: Sensitivity

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.75 1.61 3.89 0.58 2.21e-06
Anxiety disorders 0.64 -0.62 1.90 0.64 0.32
Eating disorders 0.84 -1.60 3.28 1.25 0.50
OCDs 0.73 -0.96 2.42 0.86 0.40
PTSD 1.07 -0.87 3.01 0.99 0.28
Depressive disorders 0.99 -0.15 2.14 0.59 0.09
Bipolar disorders 0.79 -0.44 2.02 0.63 0.21
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8319 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.55 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.95 2.13 3.77 0.42 1.94e-12
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.68 -0.16 1.51 0.42 0.11
Only depressive disorder 0.48 -0.42 1.38 0.46 0.30
Only anxiety disorder 0.50 -0.44 1.44 0.48 0.30
Eating disorders 0.55 0.16 0.95 0.20 0.006
OCDs -0.12 -0.49 0.24 0.19 0.51
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.74 -1.85 0.38 0.57 0.19
Only psychotic disorder -0.46 -1.38 0.47 0.47 0.33
Only bipolar disorder -0.27 -0.81 0.27 0.28 0.33
PTSD 0.43 0.09 0.78 0.18 0.01
ASD 0.01 -0.70 0.71 0.36 0.99
ADHD 0.27 -0.72 1.26 0.50 0.59
Personality disorder 0.38 -0.10 0.86 0.25 0.12
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8319 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.55 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.02 1.70 4.34 0.67 7.47e-06
Anxiety disorders 0.50 -0.76 1.75 0.64 0.44
Eating disorders 0.53 -1.90 2.96 1.24 0.67
OCDs 0.39 -1.29 2.08 0.86 0.65
PTSD 1.07 -0.88 3.02 0.99 0.28
Depressive disorders 1.01 -0.14 2.15 0.58 0.08
Bipolar disorders 0.92 -0.31 2.15 0.63 0.14
Female 0.57 0.23 0.91 0.17 0.001
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.47 -1.39 0.45 0.47 0.32
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 0.70 -0.05 1.44 0.38 0.07
19-25 years 0.63 0.22 1.04 0.21 0.002
36-45 years -0.37 -0.74 0.00 0.19 0.05
46-55 years -0.40 -0.77 -0.04 0.19 0.03
56-65 years -1.14 -1.56 -0.71 0.21 1.26e-07
66-70 years -1.18 -1.97 -0.38 0.40 0.004
71-75 years -1.96 -3.10 -0.83 0.58 6.87e-04
76+ years -1.95 -4.20 0.30 1.15 0.09
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.57 -1.40 0.26 0.42 0.18
Asian or Asian British -0.86 -2.18 0.47 0.68 0.20
African or African British -0.97 -3.16 1.23 1.12 0.39
Other ethnicity -0.06 -1.34 1.22 0.65 0.93
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.06 -0.14 0.01 0.04 0.10
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8319 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.55 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.08 2.01 4.15 0.55 1.94e-08
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.76 -0.07 1.60 0.43 0.07
Only depressive disorder 0.80 -0.11 1.70 0.46 0.09
Only anxiety disorder 0.42 -0.52 1.37 0.48 0.38
Eating disorders 0.40 0.01 0.80 0.20 0.05
OCDs -0.17 -0.54 0.19 0.19 0.36
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.48 -1.59 0.63 0.57 0.40
Only psychotic disorder -0.23 -1.15 0.70 0.47 0.63
Only bipolar disorder -0.10 -0.65 0.44 0.28 0.71
PTSD 0.48 0.13 0.83 0.18 0.007
ASD -0.08 -0.80 0.63 0.36 0.82
ADHD 0.28 -0.70 1.27 0.50 0.57
Personality disorder 0.32 -0.17 0.80 0.25 0.20
Female 0.49 0.15 0.84 0.18 0.005
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.55 -1.47 0.37 0.47 0.24
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 0.80 0.06 1.54 0.38 0.03
19-25 years 0.64 0.23 1.05 0.21 0.002
36-45 years -0.37 -0.74 0.00 0.19 0.05
46-55 years -0.41 -0.78 -0.04 0.19 0.03
56-65 years -1.09 -1.51 -0.66 0.22 6.08e-07
66-70 years -1.02 -1.82 -0.22 0.41 0.01
71-75 years -1.72 -2.85 -0.59 0.58 0.003
76+ years -1.75 -3.99 0.50 1.15 0.13
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.58 -1.41 0.25 0.42 0.17
Asian or Asian British -0.75 -2.07 0.56 0.67 0.26
African or African British -0.89 -3.08 1.30 1.12 0.43
Other ethnicity -0.20 -1.46 1.05 0.64 0.75
Key worker 0.24 -0.01 0.50 0.13 0.06
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.06 -0.14 0.01 0.04 0.10
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8319 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.55 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.30 4.25 6.35 0.54 8.28e-23
phq.sum_score_retro 0.61 0.60 0.63 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.02 -1.14 1.17 0.59 0.98
Eating disorders 1.40 -0.84 3.65 1.14 0.22
OCDs 1.16 -0.39 2.71 0.79 0.14
PTSD 1.08 -0.70 2.86 0.91 0.24
Depressive disorders 1.56 0.51 2.62 0.54 0.004
Bipolar disorders 2.10 0.97 3.24 0.58 2.74e-04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
8319 0.34 0.34 602.29 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.91 5.15 6.67 0.39 7.36e-52
phq.sum_score_retro 0.59 0.57 0.61 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.80 0.04 1.56 0.39 0.04
Only depressive disorder 0.18 -0.64 1.00 0.42 0.67
Only anxiety disorder -0.35 -1.20 0.51 0.44 0.43
Eating disorders 1.04 0.69 1.40 0.18 1.14e-08
OCDs 0.51 0.17 0.84 0.17 0.003
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.75 -1.77 0.26 0.52 0.15
Only psychotic disorder -0.14 -0.98 0.70 0.43 0.74
Only bipolar disorder 0.25 -0.24 0.75 0.25 0.31
PTSD 0.84 0.52 1.15 0.16 1.90e-07
ASD 0.72 0.07 1.36 0.33 0.03
ADHD 0.73 -0.17 1.62 0.46 0.11
Personality disorder 1.50 1.06 1.94 0.22 3.07e-11
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
9687 0.02 0.02 39.82 3.86e-48 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.38 4.15 6.61 0.63 1.02e-17
phq.sum_score_retro 0.59 0.57 0.61 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.00 -1.15 1.16 0.59 1.00
Eating disorders 1.27 -0.95 3.49 1.13 0.26
OCDs 0.88 -0.66 2.42 0.79 0.26
PTSD 1.37 -0.41 3.15 0.91 0.13
Depressive disorders 1.86 0.80 2.91 0.54 5.57e-04
Bipolar disorders 2.55 1.42 3.69 0.58 1.07e-05
Female 0.45 0.14 0.77 0.16 0.004
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.50 -0.34 1.34 0.43 0.25
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 2.02 1.34 2.71 0.35 7.42e-09
19-25 years 1.03 0.66 1.41 0.19 7.10e-08
36-45 years -0.37 -0.71 -0.03 0.17 0.03
46-55 years -0.37 -0.70 -0.03 0.17 0.03
56-65 years -1.27 -1.66 -0.89 0.20 1.07e-10
66-70 years -2.07 -2.80 -1.34 0.37 3.07e-08
71-75 years -2.77 -3.81 -1.73 0.53 1.77e-07
76+ years -2.39 -4.44 -0.34 1.05 0.02
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.34 -1.10 0.43 0.39 0.39
Asian or Asian British -0.57 -1.77 0.64 0.62 0.36
African or African British -0.85 -2.85 1.15 1.02 0.41
Other ethnicity 0.20 -0.97 1.37 0.60 0.74
Key worker -0.35 -0.58 -0.11 0.12 0.004
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.03 -0.10 0.04 0.04 0.40
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
9687 0.02 0.02 39.82 3.86e-48 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.03 5.05 7.01 0.50 3.15e-33
phq.sum_score_retro 0.57 0.55 0.59 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.05 0.29 1.81 0.39 0.007
Only depressive disorder 0.71 -0.11 1.53 0.42 0.09
Only anxiety disorder -0.39 -1.24 0.47 0.44 0.37
Eating disorders 0.88 0.52 1.24 0.18 1.35e-06
OCDs 0.43 0.09 0.76 0.17 0.01
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.48 -1.48 0.53 0.51 0.35
Only psychotic disorder 0.05 -0.79 0.88 0.43 0.91
Only bipolar disorder 0.45 -0.04 0.95 0.25 0.07
PTSD 0.93 0.61 1.24 0.16 7.97e-09
ASD 0.34 -0.31 0.98 0.33 0.31
ADHD 0.63 -0.26 1.52 0.45 0.16
Personality disorder 1.40 0.96 1.84 0.22 4.12e-10
Female 0.26 -0.05 0.57 0.16 0.10
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.11 -0.72 0.94 0.42 0.80
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 2.16 1.49 2.83 0.34 3.01e-10
19-25 years 1.02 0.65 1.39 0.19 6.62e-08
36-45 years -0.35 -0.68 -0.01 0.17 0.04
46-55 years -0.31 -0.64 0.03 0.17 0.07
56-65 years -1.15 -1.53 -0.76 0.20 5.81e-09
66-70 years -1.83 -2.55 -1.11 0.37 7.00e-07
71-75 years -2.41 -3.44 -1.39 0.52 3.73e-06
76+ years -2.09 -4.12 -0.06 1.04 0.04
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.41 -1.16 0.34 0.38 0.28
Asian or Asian British -0.43 -1.62 0.76 0.61 0.48
African or African British -0.65 -2.63 1.33 1.01 0.52
Other ethnicity -0.02 -1.15 1.12 0.58 0.98
Key worker -0.25 -0.48 -0.02 0.12 0.04
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.02 -0.09 0.04 0.03 0.49
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
9687 0.02 0.02 39.82 3.86e-48 6

OCI-R baseline, not controlling for prior symptoms

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 12.34 11.53 13.16 0.41 2.57e-180
Anxiety disorders 2.05 0.59 3.52 0.75 0.006
Eating disorders 4.27 0.09 8.44 2.13 0.05
OCDs 10.43 7.72 13.15 1.38 5.70e-14
PTSD 6.78 3.74 9.83 1.55 1.30e-05
Depressive disorders 5.74 4.83 6.66 0.47 3.07e-34
Bipolar disorders 12.77 11.15 14.38 0.82 4.97e-53
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5187 0.06 0.06 52.91 1.40e-63 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 13.33 12.63 14.03 0.36 1.93e-271
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.50 1.63 3.36 0.44 1.64e-08
Only depressive disorder -0.78 -1.98 0.41 0.61 0.20
Only anxiety disorder 0.78 -0.45 2.01 0.63 0.21
Eating disorders 0.62 -0.45 1.68 0.54 0.26
OCDs 7.47 6.53 8.41 0.48 1.21e-53
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 7.02 4.50 9.54 1.29 5.11e-08
Only psychotic disorder 4.35 2.05 6.65 1.17 2.09e-04
Only bipolar disorder 3.31 1.66 4.97 0.84 8.90e-05
PTSD 1.96 1.03 2.89 0.47 3.42e-05
ASD 9.07 7.38 10.75 0.86 7.54e-26
ADHD 2.71 0.39 5.03 1.18 0.02
Personality disorder 3.43 2.16 4.71 0.65 1.23e-07
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5187 0.06 0.06 52.91 1.40e-63 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 15.44 13.74 17.13 0.86 2.22e-69
Anxiety disorders 1.67 0.20 3.13 0.75 0.03
Eating disorders 3.32 -0.85 7.49 2.13 0.12
OCDs 8.64 5.94 11.33 1.38 3.75e-10
PTSD 6.49 3.45 9.53 1.55 2.91e-05
Depressive disorders 6.04 5.09 6.99 0.48 2.98e-35
Bipolar disorders 12.69 11.07 14.31 0.83 8.07e-52
Female -0.90 -1.86 0.06 0.49 0.07
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.84 -0.78 4.47 1.34 0.17
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 8.26 6.62 9.91 0.84 1.18e-22
19-25 years 1.69 0.38 3.00 0.67 0.01
36-45 years -0.49 -1.70 0.73 0.62 0.43
46-55 years -0.65 -1.76 0.47 0.57 0.25
56-65 years -1.93 -3.04 -0.82 0.57 6.64e-04
66-70 years -2.53 -4.16 -0.90 0.83 0.002
71-75 years -3.48 -5.46 -1.50 1.01 5.61e-04
76+ years -4.77 -8.44 -1.11 1.87 0.01
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.17 -1.16 3.49 1.19 0.33
Asian or Asian British 4.44 1.33 7.55 1.59 0.005
African or African British 0.02 -6.44 6.47 3.29 1.00
Other ethnicity 3.42 0.15 6.69 1.67 0.04
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.39 -0.55 -0.23 0.08 1.94e-06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5187 0.06 0.06 52.91 1.40e-63 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 15.69 14.10 17.29 0.81 4.80e-80
Depressive and anxiety disorder 3.35 2.45 4.24 0.46 3.23e-13
Only depressive disorder 0.33 -0.87 1.54 0.62 0.59
Only anxiety disorder 0.91 -0.32 2.15 0.63 0.15
Eating disorders 0.25 -0.81 1.31 0.54 0.64
OCDs 7.02 6.09 7.96 0.48 2.90e-48
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 6.99 4.50 9.48 1.27 3.90e-08
Only psychotic disorder 3.92 1.66 6.18 1.15 6.92e-04
Only bipolar disorder 3.26 1.62 4.91 0.84 1.03e-04
PTSD 2.28 1.36 3.21 0.47 1.41e-06
ASD 7.51 5.82 9.21 0.86 4.75e-18
ADHD 1.65 -0.64 3.95 1.17 0.16
Personality disorder 3.37 2.10 4.63 0.64 1.79e-07
Female -0.85 -1.76 0.06 0.47 0.07
Non-binary/Self-defined -1.10 -3.60 1.41 1.28 0.39
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 8.09 6.56 9.61 0.78 5.13e-25
19-25 years 1.69 0.46 2.92 0.63 0.007
36-45 years -0.02 -1.18 1.13 0.59 0.97
46-55 years 0.15 -0.91 1.22 0.54 0.78
56-65 years -0.65 -1.72 0.42 0.54 0.23
66-70 years -0.82 -2.40 0.77 0.81 0.31
71-75 years -1.92 -3.83 -0.01 0.97 0.05
76+ years -3.54 -7.04 -0.05 1.78 0.05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.65 -1.56 2.86 1.13 0.56
Asian or Asian British 5.19 2.33 8.06 1.46 3.88e-04
African or African British 1.28 -4.65 7.22 3.03 0.67
Other ethnicity 2.43 -0.68 5.54 1.59 0.12
Key worker -1.06 -1.76 -0.35 0.36 0.003
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.39 -0.54 -0.24 0.08 5.53e-07
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5187 0.06 0.06 52.91 1.40e-63 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.30 3.54 9.05 1.41 7.94e-06
Anxiety disorders 0.16 -2.65 2.97 1.43 0.91
Eating disorders 8.05 2.14 13.97 3.02 0.008
OCDs 11.03 6.41 15.65 2.36 3.03e-06
PTSD 9.49 3.54 15.44 3.03 0.002
Depressive disorders 7.29 5.46 9.11 0.93 7.52e-15
Bipolar disorders 12.90 10.39 15.42 1.28 2.33e-23
Female -0.42 -1.79 0.94 0.70 0.54
Non-binary/Self-defined 2.91 -0.67 6.48 1.82 0.11
Age -228.74 -325.96 -131.51 49.58 4.18e-06
Age^2 -37.86 -127.79 52.08 45.86 0.41
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.96 -1.24 5.16 1.63 0.23
Asian or Asian British 10.01 3.51 16.51 3.31 0.003
African or African British -0.70 -11.14 9.73 5.32 0.89
Other ethnicity 4.67 0.07 9.28 2.35 0.05
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.30 0.03 0.57 0.14 0.03
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
2351 0.07 0.07 30.38 2.76e-35 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 8.01 5.44 10.59 1.31 1.23e-09
Depressive and anxiety disorder 4.48 2.85 6.11 0.83 8.44e-08
Only depressive disorder 2.32 0.14 4.49 1.11 0.04
Only anxiety disorder 0.91 -1.42 3.24 1.19 0.45
Eating disorders 1.43 -0.01 2.86 0.73 0.05
OCDs 6.91 5.65 8.18 0.65 3.75e-26
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 6.18 2.53 9.84 1.86 9.26e-04
Only psychotic disorder 3.00 0.05 5.95 1.50 0.05
Only bipolar disorder 3.50 1.40 5.60 1.07 0.001
PTSD 2.22 0.96 3.48 0.64 5.45e-04
ASD 6.09 3.39 8.79 1.38 9.99e-06
ADHD 0.08 -3.75 3.91 1.95 0.97
Personality disorder 2.78 1.12 4.43 0.85 0.001
Female -0.74 -2.05 0.56 0.66 0.26
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.37 -2.09 4.82 1.76 0.44
Age -166.45 -262.24 -70.66 48.85 6.67e-04
Age^2 -38.13 -125.74 49.47 44.67 0.39
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.12 -1.96 4.19 1.57 0.48
Asian or Asian British 8.94 2.96 14.92 3.05 0.003
African or African British -0.06 -9.99 9.88 5.06 0.99
Other ethnicity 2.81 -1.66 7.28 2.28 0.22
Key worker -1.40 -2.40 -0.40 0.51 0.006
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.26 0.01 0.52 0.13 0.04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
2351 0.07 0.07 30.38 2.76e-35 6

OCIR prepan

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.00 -10.15 14.15 6.18 0.75
Anxiety disorders -10.07 -23.37 3.24 6.77 0.14
Eating disorders -8.00 -27.20 11.20 9.77 0.41
OCDs -12.64 -26.34 1.07 6.97 0.07
PTSD -24.50 -43.70 -5.30 9.77 0.01
Depressive disorders -10.11 -22.30 2.09 6.20 0.10
Bipolar disorders -9.36 -21.92 3.19 6.39 0.14
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
436 0.02 0.00 1.20 0.31 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.97 -9.82 5.88 3.99 0.62
Depressive and anxiety disorder -4.69 -12.65 3.26 4.05 0.25
Only depressive disorder -4.49 -13.22 4.24 4.44 0.31
Only anxiety disorder -8.20 -16.94 0.54 4.45 0.07
Eating disorders -0.11 -2.79 2.58 1.37 0.94
OCDs -1.25 -3.47 0.98 1.13 0.27
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 12.95 5.33 20.57 3.88 9.07e-04
Only psychotic disorder -0.95 -6.48 4.59 2.82 0.74
Only bipolar disorder -1.15 -4.80 2.50 1.86 0.54
PTSD -3.79 -6.25 -1.33 1.25 0.003
ASD -0.45 -4.77 3.88 2.20 0.84
ADHD 6.08 -0.41 12.57 3.30 0.07
Personality disorder -1.65 -4.91 1.61 1.66 0.32
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
436 0.02 0.00 1.20 0.31 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.36 -11.63 16.35 7.12 0.74
Anxiety disorders -9.05 -22.48 4.38 6.83 0.19
Eating disorders -6.72 -25.90 12.46 9.76 0.49
OCDs -11.94 -25.75 1.87 7.03 0.09
PTSD -23.03 -42.32 -3.74 9.81 0.02
Depressive disorders -9.98 -22.33 2.36 6.28 0.11
Bipolar disorders -9.63 -22.32 3.05 6.45 0.14
Female -2.71 -5.77 0.36 1.56 0.08
Non-binary/Self-defined -3.33 -9.25 2.60 3.01 0.27
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -7.41 -14.35 -0.48 3.53 0.04
19-25 years -3.42 -6.39 -0.45 1.51 0.02
36-45 years -0.24 -3.34 2.86 1.58 0.88
46-55 years -0.12 -3.12 2.87 1.52 0.94
56-65 years -2.72 -6.41 0.98 1.88 0.15
66-70 years -0.87 -7.18 5.45 3.21 0.79
71-75 years 0.50 -11.63 12.63 6.17 0.94
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.40 -4.29 9.08 3.40 0.48
Asian or Asian British -25.00 -39.72 -10.28 7.49 9.20e-04
Other ethnicity 1.25 -6.79 9.29 4.09 0.76
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.45 -0.31 1.22 0.39 0.24
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
436 0.02 0.00 1.20 0.31 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -3.71 -14.48 7.07 5.48 0.50
Depressive and anxiety disorder -4.21 -13.00 4.57 4.47 0.35
Only depressive disorder -4.39 -13.86 5.09 4.82 0.36
Only anxiety disorder -6.76 -16.26 2.74 4.83 0.16
Eating disorders 0.17 -2.56 2.90 1.39 0.90
OCDs -1.18 -3.43 1.07 1.14 0.30
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 11.07 3.34 18.80 3.93 0.005
Only psychotic disorder -1.49 -7.14 4.17 2.88 0.61
Only bipolar disorder -1.14 -4.87 2.58 1.89 0.55
PTSD -3.44 -5.98 -0.91 1.29 0.008
ASD -0.41 -4.79 3.96 2.22 0.85
ADHD 5.05 -1.48 11.59 3.32 0.13
Personality disorder -1.01 -4.29 2.28 1.67 0.55
Female -1.99 -5.10 1.12 1.58 0.21
Non-binary/Self-defined -1.89 -7.96 4.18 3.09 0.54
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -6.38 -13.25 0.49 3.49 0.07
19-25 years -3.47 -6.45 -0.50 1.51 0.02
36-45 years -0.49 -3.58 2.60 1.57 0.75
46-55 years -0.07 -3.09 2.96 1.54 0.97
56-65 years -2.03 -5.77 1.72 1.91 0.29
66-70 years -0.94 -7.31 5.43 3.24 0.77
71-75 years 2.45 -8.30 13.20 5.47 0.65
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.72 -3.98 9.43 3.41 0.42
Asian or Asian British -22.95 -37.79 -8.11 7.55 0.003
Other ethnicity 1.09 -6.91 9.09 4.07 0.79
Key worker 1.19 -1.02 3.40 1.12 0.29
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.52 -0.24 1.27 0.38 0.18
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
436 0.02 0.00 1.20 0.31 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.18 -12.54 14.91 6.98 0.87
Anxiety disorders -9.67 -22.92 3.58 6.74 0.15
Eating disorders -5.90 -24.88 13.08 9.66 0.54
OCDs -11.72 -25.24 1.80 6.88 0.09
PTSD -23.69 -42.72 -4.67 9.68 0.01
Depressive disorders -9.82 -21.95 2.31 6.17 0.11
Bipolar disorders -9.83 -22.32 2.66 6.35 0.12
Female -2.68 -5.73 0.37 1.55 0.09
Non-binary/Self-defined -3.22 -9.10 2.67 2.99 0.28
Age 21.75 -96.94 140.45 60.39 0.72
Age^2 -150.62 -272.16 -29.07 61.84 0.02
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.38 -4.28 9.04 3.39 0.48
Asian or Asian British -25.19 -39.88 -10.50 7.47 8.19e-04
Other ethnicity 1.69 -6.29 9.68 4.06 0.68
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.44 -0.31 1.20 0.38 0.25
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
436 0.02 0.00 1.20 0.31 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -3.72 -14.08 6.64 5.27 0.48
Depressive and anxiety disorder -4.92 -13.51 3.68 4.37 0.26
Only depressive disorder -5.54 -14.81 3.74 4.72 0.24
Only anxiety disorder -7.95 -17.28 1.38 4.74 0.09
Eating disorders 0.13 -2.59 2.85 1.38 0.92
OCDs -1.26 -3.50 0.97 1.13 0.27
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 10.67 2.96 18.37 3.92 0.007
Only psychotic disorder -1.46 -7.04 4.12 2.84 0.61
Only bipolar disorder -1.38 -5.08 2.31 1.88 0.46
PTSD -3.64 -6.16 -1.12 1.28 0.005
ASD -0.23 -4.58 4.13 2.22 0.92
ADHD 5.38 -1.11 11.86 3.30 0.10
Personality disorder -1.16 -4.42 2.11 1.66 0.49
Female -2.04 -5.14 1.05 1.57 0.19
Non-binary/Self-defined -1.90 -7.92 4.12 3.06 0.54
Age 44.29 -76.48 165.05 61.44 0.47
Age^2 -126.48 -248.35 -4.61 62.00 0.04
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.71 -3.96 9.39 3.40 0.42
Asian or Asian British -23.00 -37.79 -8.22 7.52 0.002
Other ethnicity 1.39 -6.54 9.32 4.04 0.73
Key worker 1.23 -0.98 3.43 1.12 0.27
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.50 -0.24 1.25 0.38 0.19
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
436 0.02 0.00 1.20 0.31 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 9.60 -1.32 20.52 5.56 0.08
ocir.sum_score_prepan 0.65 0.58 0.71 0.03 3.49e-61
Anxiety disorders -11.49 -23.36 0.38 6.04 0.06
Eating disorders -9.29 -26.42 7.84 8.71 0.29
OCDs -9.11 -21.35 3.13 6.23 0.14
PTSD -20.88 -38.02 -3.73 8.72 0.02
Depressive disorders -8.32 -19.20 2.56 5.54 0.13
Bipolar disorders -5.59 -16.81 5.63 5.71 0.33
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
436 0.49 0.49 59.80 1.44e-59 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.70 -1.50 12.89 3.66 0.12
ocir.sum_score_prepan 0.64 0.57 0.71 0.04 1.22e-53
Depressive and anxiety disorder -4.17 -11.31 2.97 3.63 0.25
Only depressive disorder -5.37 -13.21 2.46 3.99 0.18
Only anxiety disorder -8.62 -16.46 -0.78 3.99 0.03
Eating disorders 0.48 -1.94 2.89 1.23 0.70
OCDs 2.28 0.17 4.39 1.07 0.03
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 11.83 4.99 18.67 3.48 7.37e-04
Only psychotic disorder 0.58 -4.40 5.55 2.53 0.82
Only bipolar disorder 0.87 -2.43 4.17 1.68 0.61
PTSD -2.65 -4.87 -0.43 1.13 0.02
ASD 0.22 -3.66 4.10 1.97 0.91
ADHD 4.02 -1.82 9.85 2.97 0.18
Personality disorder -0.69 -3.62 2.25 1.49 0.65
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1786 0.03 0.03 10.03 6.36e-11 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 14.58 -0.84 30.00 7.85 0.06
ocir.sum_score_prepan 0.66 0.60 0.73 0.03 3.63e-59
Anxiety disorders -15.99 -30.62 -1.36 7.44 0.03
Eating disorders -13.61 -32.81 5.59 9.77 0.16
OCDs -14.11 -29.00 0.78 7.58 0.06
PTSD -25.46 -44.73 -6.19 9.80 0.010
Depressive disorders -13.39 -27.20 0.42 7.03 0.06
Bipolar disorders -10.84 -24.90 3.22 7.15 0.13
Female -2.13 -4.90 0.65 1.41 0.13
Non-binary/Self-defined -2.00 -7.37 3.36 2.73 0.46
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -6.39 -12.72 -0.05 3.22 0.05
19-25 years -1.40 -4.13 1.33 1.39 0.31
36-45 years 0.19 -2.62 2.99 1.43 0.90
46-55 years 0.63 -2.10 3.35 1.39 0.65
56-65 years -2.20 -5.57 1.17 1.71 0.20
66-70 years -1.54 -7.30 4.23 2.93 0.60
71-75 years -3.83 -14.87 7.21 5.62 0.50
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.84 -5.21 6.90 3.08 0.78
Asian or Asian British -16.34 -29.83 -2.86 6.86 0.02
Other ethnicity 3.95 -3.35 11.26 3.71 0.29
Key worker 0.25 -1.74 2.25 1.01 0.80
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.29 -0.40 0.98 0.35 0.41
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1786 0.03 0.03 10.03 6.36e-11 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.89 -5.04 14.82 5.05 0.33
ocir.sum_score_prepan 0.65 0.57 0.72 0.04 6.31e-51
Depressive and anxiety disorder -5.03 -12.99 2.93 4.05 0.22
Only depressive disorder -6.08 -14.67 2.51 4.37 0.17
Only anxiety disorder -8.82 -17.44 -0.20 4.38 0.04
Eating disorders 0.93 -1.55 3.41 1.26 0.46
OCDs 2.33 0.17 4.50 1.10 0.03
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 10.56 3.55 17.56 3.56 0.003
Only psychotic disorder 0.15 -4.98 5.29 2.61 0.95
Only bipolar disorder 0.65 -2.75 4.04 1.73 0.71
PTSD -2.35 -4.66 -0.04 1.17 0.05
ASD -0.13 -4.09 3.84 2.02 0.95
ADHD 3.38 -2.55 9.31 3.02 0.26
Personality disorder -0.16 -3.14 2.81 1.52 0.91
Female -1.95 -4.77 0.86 1.43 0.17
Non-binary/Self-defined -1.31 -6.81 4.19 2.80 0.64
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -5.33 -11.56 0.90 3.17 0.09
19-25 years -1.37 -4.11 1.36 1.39 0.32
36-45 years -0.10 -2.90 2.70 1.42 0.94
46-55 years 1.36 -1.40 4.12 1.40 0.33
56-65 years -1.93 -5.32 1.47 1.73 0.27
66-70 years -1.19 -6.96 4.58 2.94 0.69
71-75 years -0.08 -9.84 9.68 4.96 0.99
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.09 -6.01 6.19 3.10 0.98
Asian or Asian British -12.68 -26.30 0.94 6.93 0.07
Other ethnicity 3.67 -3.60 10.94 3.70 0.32
Key worker 0.09 -1.92 2.11 1.02 0.93
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.47 -0.22 1.15 0.35 0.18
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1786 0.03 0.03 10.03 6.36e-11 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 12.54 -2.45 27.52 7.62 0.10
ocir.sum_score_prepan 0.66 0.60 0.73 0.03 1.22e-60
Anxiety disorders -14.93 -29.25 -0.61 7.28 0.04
Eating disorders -11.42 -30.27 7.43 9.59 0.23
OCDs -12.24 -26.71 2.23 7.36 0.10
PTSD -24.15 -43.04 -5.27 9.61 0.01
Depressive disorders -11.77 -25.22 1.68 6.84 0.09
Bipolar disorders -9.36 -23.09 4.36 6.98 0.18
Female -2.09 -4.85 0.67 1.40 0.14
Non-binary/Self-defined -1.91 -7.23 3.42 2.71 0.48
Age -16.78 -125.64 92.07 55.38 0.76
Age^2 -131.75 -243.25 -20.25 56.72 0.02
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.93 -5.09 6.96 3.07 0.76
Asian or Asian British -16.68 -30.10 -3.25 6.83 0.02
Other ethnicity 4.02 -3.21 11.25 3.68 0.27
Key worker 0.16 -1.83 2.15 1.01 0.88
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.28 -0.41 0.96 0.35 0.43
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1786 0.03 0.03 10.03 6.36e-11 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.99 -4.56 14.54 4.86 0.31
ocir.sum_score_prepan 0.65 0.58 0.72 0.04 5.45e-53
Depressive and anxiety disorder -5.00 -12.78 2.78 3.96 0.21
Only depressive disorder -6.50 -14.90 1.90 4.27 0.13
Only anxiety disorder -9.10 -17.55 -0.65 4.30 0.03
Eating disorders 0.80 -1.67 3.26 1.25 0.53
OCDs 2.13 -0.01 4.27 1.09 0.05
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 10.35 3.37 17.33 3.55 0.004
Only psychotic disorder -0.07 -5.14 4.99 2.58 0.98
Only bipolar disorder 0.64 -2.73 4.02 1.72 0.71
PTSD -2.55 -4.84 -0.25 1.17 0.03
ASD 0.15 -3.79 4.10 2.01 0.94
ADHD 3.39 -2.50 9.27 2.99 0.26
Personality disorder -0.37 -3.33 2.60 1.51 0.81
Female -1.94 -4.74 0.86 1.42 0.17
Non-binary/Self-defined -1.21 -6.66 4.24 2.77 0.66
Age 14.27 -95.25 123.79 55.72 0.80
Age^2 -111.55 -221.94 -1.16 56.16 0.05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.29 -5.77 6.35 3.09 0.93
Asian or Asian British -13.24 -26.78 0.30 6.89 0.06
Other ethnicity 3.58 -3.62 10.78 3.66 0.33
Key worker 0.06 -1.95 2.07 1.02 0.95
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.42 -0.26 1.10 0.34 0.22
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1786 0.03 0.03 10.03 6.36e-11 6

OCIR retro

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.87 3.16 4.58 0.36 1.93e-26
Anxiety disorders -0.87 -2.14 0.41 0.65 0.18
Eating disorders -3.63 -7.18 -0.07 1.81 0.05
OCDs -1.87 -4.22 0.48 1.20 0.12
PTSD -0.55 -3.15 2.06 1.33 0.68
Depressive disorders -3.95 -4.74 -3.17 0.40 1.59e-22
Bipolar disorders -3.57 -4.89 -2.24 0.68 1.40e-07
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
4329 0.03 0.03 19.83 5.68e-23 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.83 3.19 4.47 0.33 4.16e-31
Depressive and anxiety disorder -4.38 -5.16 -3.60 0.40 6.38e-28
Only depressive disorder -2.11 -3.19 -1.03 0.55 1.37e-04
Only anxiety disorder -1.42 -2.54 -0.31 0.57 0.01
Eating disorders -0.25 -1.18 0.68 0.47 0.60
OCDs 0.30 -0.50 1.11 0.41 0.46
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 2.22 0.03 4.40 1.11 0.05
Only psychotic disorder 0.58 -1.38 2.53 1.00 0.56
Only bipolar disorder -0.55 -1.93 0.82 0.70 0.43
PTSD 0.21 -0.58 1.00 0.40 0.60
ASD 1.82 0.35 3.30 0.75 0.02
ADHD 2.21 0.12 4.29 1.06 0.04
Personality disorder -0.61 -1.69 0.47 0.55 0.27
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
4329 0.03 0.03 19.83 5.68e-23 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 11.33 9.97 12.69 0.69 1.64e-58
Anxiety disorders -0.24 -1.45 0.97 0.62 0.69
Eating disorders -2.12 -5.42 1.17 1.68 0.21
OCDs -0.32 -2.53 1.89 1.13 0.78
PTSD -0.46 -2.92 2.00 1.25 0.72
Depressive disorders -2.13 -2.90 -1.36 0.40 7.41e-08
Bipolar disorders -1.62 -2.88 -0.36 0.64 0.01
Female 0.20 -0.56 0.96 0.39 0.61
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.13 -2.19 1.93 1.05 0.90
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 4.16 2.74 5.58 0.72 9.86e-09
19-25 years -0.54 -1.56 0.49 0.52 0.31
36-45 years 0.28 -0.65 1.21 0.48 0.56
46-55 years 0.35 -0.51 1.21 0.44 0.43
56-65 years 1.95 1.08 2.82 0.44 1.16e-05
66-70 years 2.11 0.80 3.42 0.67 0.002
71-75 years 2.70 1.11 4.30 0.82 9.19e-04
76+ years -0.03 -3.38 3.32 1.71 0.99
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.54 -0.25 3.33 0.91 0.09
Asian or Asian British 2.65 -0.05 5.35 1.38 0.05
African or African British -0.81 -6.05 4.44 2.68 0.76
Other ethnicity -0.15 -2.62 2.31 1.26 0.90
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -1.65 -1.77 -1.52 0.06 8.22e-134
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
4329 0.03 0.03 19.83 5.68e-23 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 11.19 9.84 12.53 0.69 4.03e-58
Depressive and anxiety disorder -2.52 -3.28 -1.76 0.39 1.05e-10
Only depressive disorder -1.46 -2.50 -0.42 0.53 0.006
Only anxiety disorder -0.73 -1.79 0.33 0.54 0.18
Eating disorders -0.09 -0.96 0.78 0.44 0.84
OCDs 0.37 -0.38 1.13 0.38 0.34
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 2.26 0.23 4.30 1.04 0.03
Only psychotic disorder 0.30 -1.52 2.11 0.93 0.75
Only bipolar disorder -0.32 -1.62 0.97 0.66 0.62
PTSD 0.15 -0.59 0.90 0.38 0.69
ASD 1.00 -0.41 2.40 0.72 0.16
ADHD 1.67 -0.27 3.60 0.99 0.09
Personality disorder -0.24 -1.25 0.77 0.52 0.64
Female 0.31 -0.45 1.07 0.39 0.42
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.65 -2.71 1.41 1.05 0.54
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 4.03 2.66 5.40 0.70 9.40e-09
19-25 years -0.47 -1.49 0.54 0.52 0.36
36-45 years 0.25 -0.68 1.18 0.47 0.60
46-55 years 0.28 -0.58 1.15 0.44 0.52
56-65 years 1.85 0.97 2.72 0.45 3.87e-05
66-70 years 2.16 0.83 3.50 0.68 0.001
71-75 years 2.13 0.52 3.75 0.83 0.010
76+ years 0.02 -3.32 3.37 1.71 0.99
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.34 -0.45 3.13 0.91 0.14
Asian or Asian British 2.32 -0.28 4.92 1.33 0.08
African or African British -0.62 -5.84 4.60 2.66 0.82
Other ethnicity -0.16 -2.64 2.32 1.27 0.90
Key worker -0.08 -0.66 0.49 0.29 0.78
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -1.61 -1.73 -1.48 0.06 9.82e-132
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
4329 0.03 0.03 19.83 5.68e-23 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -3.62 -5.25 -1.98 0.83 1.52e-05
Anxiety disorders -0.51 -2.16 1.14 0.84 0.55
Eating disorders 1.22 -2.21 4.66 1.75 0.48
OCDs -1.05 -3.73 1.63 1.37 0.44
PTSD -2.81 -6.26 0.65 1.76 0.11
Depressive disorders -0.86 -1.93 0.20 0.54 0.11
Bipolar disorders -1.17 -2.64 0.29 0.75 0.12
Female -0.59 -1.39 0.21 0.41 0.15
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.71 -2.79 1.37 1.06 0.50
Age 74.46 31.77 117.15 21.77 6.36e-04
Age^2 -24.39 -66.27 17.48 21.35 0.25
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.68 0.82 4.53 0.95 0.005
Asian or Asian British -0.83 -4.61 2.94 1.92 0.67
African or African British -0.82 -6.88 5.24 3.09 0.79
Other ethnicity 1.11 -1.57 3.78 1.36 0.42
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.03 -0.19 0.12 0.08 0.67
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
2307 0.00 0.00 1.72 0.11 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -3.63 -5.23 -2.03 0.82 9.41e-06
Depressive and anxiety disorder -0.65 -1.65 0.35 0.51 0.20
Only depressive disorder -1.15 -2.48 0.19 0.68 0.09
Only anxiety disorder -1.07 -2.49 0.36 0.73 0.14
Eating disorders 0.46 -0.42 1.34 0.45 0.30
OCDs -0.27 -1.04 0.50 0.39 0.50
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.48 -1.77 2.73 1.15 0.67
Only psychotic disorder 0.11 -1.70 1.92 0.92 0.90
Only bipolar disorder -0.27 -1.54 1.01 0.65 0.68
PTSD -0.60 -1.37 0.18 0.39 0.13
ASD 0.14 -1.50 1.78 0.84 0.87
ADHD 2.01 -0.35 4.38 1.20 0.09
Personality disorder -0.90 -1.91 0.12 0.52 0.08
Female -0.54 -1.34 0.26 0.41 0.19
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.94 -3.04 1.16 1.07 0.38
Age 75.49 31.71 119.27 22.33 7.34e-04
Age^2 -24.59 -67.30 18.11 21.78 0.26
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.69 0.82 4.56 0.95 0.005
Asian or Asian British -1.51 -5.14 2.13 1.85 0.42
African or African British -0.64 -6.68 5.39 3.08 0.83
Other ethnicity 1.40 -1.32 4.12 1.39 0.31
Key worker 0.11 -0.50 0.72 0.31 0.73
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.04 -0.19 0.12 0.08 0.64
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
2307 0.00 0.00 1.72 0.11 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.44 5.74 7.13 0.36 1.09e-70
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.73 0.71 0.75 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders -0.10 -1.30 1.10 0.61 0.87
Eating disorders -1.54 -4.88 1.80 1.70 0.37
OCDs 1.47 -0.76 3.69 1.13 0.20
PTSD 1.43 -1.02 3.88 1.25 0.25
Depressive disorders -1.50 -2.27 -0.73 0.39 1.33e-04
Bipolar disorders 0.55 -0.74 1.84 0.66 0.40
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
4329 0.52 0.52 665.07 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.91 6.26 7.55 0.33 1.85e-93
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.70 0.68 0.73 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder -2.55 -3.29 -1.81 0.38 1.67e-11
Only depressive disorder -1.71 -2.72 -0.69 0.52 9.57e-04
Only anxiety disorder -0.70 -1.74 0.35 0.53 0.19
Eating disorders -0.09 -0.95 0.78 0.44 0.84
OCDs 2.46 1.69 3.23 0.39 4.48e-10
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 3.47 1.43 5.51 1.04 8.69e-04
Only psychotic disorder 1.72 -0.11 3.55 0.93 0.07
Only bipolar disorder 0.59 -0.69 1.88 0.66 0.37
PTSD 0.78 0.04 1.52 0.38 0.04
ASD 3.70 2.31 5.08 0.71 1.73e-07
ADHD 2.01 0.06 3.95 0.99 0.04
Personality disorder 0.67 -0.34 1.69 0.52 0.19
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5094 0.06 0.06 51.24 1.63e-61 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 12.90 11.58 14.22 0.67 1.32e-78
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.77 0.75 0.79 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 0.15 -1.01 1.30 0.59 0.80
Eating disorders -0.80 -3.93 2.33 1.60 0.62
OCDs 1.70 -0.42 3.82 1.08 0.12
PTSD 1.12 -1.24 3.48 1.20 0.35
Depressive disorders -0.46 -1.22 0.29 0.39 0.23
Bipolar disorders 1.39 0.15 2.63 0.63 0.03
Female 0.15 -0.57 0.88 0.37 0.68
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.57 -1.38 2.53 1.00 0.56
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 4.80 3.44 6.16 0.69 5.22e-12
19-25 years -0.18 -1.16 0.80 0.50 0.72
36-45 years -0.01 -0.89 0.88 0.45 0.98
46-55 years 0.09 -0.74 0.91 0.42 0.84
56-65 years 1.08 0.25 1.92 0.43 0.01
66-70 years 1.04 -0.23 2.31 0.65 0.11
71-75 years 0.82 -0.72 2.36 0.79 0.30
76+ years -1.03 -4.27 2.20 1.65 0.53
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.44 -0.27 3.16 0.87 0.10
Asian or Asian British 3.37 0.81 5.94 1.31 0.010
African or African British -1.09 -6.07 3.88 2.54 0.67
Other ethnicity 0.75 -1.61 3.12 1.21 0.53
Key worker -0.51 -1.06 0.04 0.28 0.07
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -1.40 -1.52 -1.28 0.06 1.97e-105
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5094 0.06 0.06 51.24 1.63e-61 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 12.78 11.50 14.06 0.65 9.53e-82
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.75 0.72 0.77 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder -1.21 -1.94 -0.48 0.37 0.001
Only depressive disorder -1.02 -2.01 -0.04 0.50 0.04
Only anxiety disorder -0.29 -1.30 0.71 0.51 0.57
Eating disorders -0.05 -0.87 0.78 0.42 0.91
OCDs 2.10 1.37 2.83 0.37 1.79e-08
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 3.33 1.40 5.26 0.98 7.26e-04
Only psychotic disorder 1.22 -0.51 2.94 0.88 0.17
Only bipolar disorder 0.57 -0.66 1.79 0.63 0.37
PTSD 0.71 0.00 1.42 0.36 0.05
ASD 2.46 1.13 3.80 0.68 3.02e-04
ADHD 1.45 -0.38 3.28 0.93 0.12
Personality disorder 0.75 -0.21 1.71 0.49 0.13
Female 0.17 -0.54 0.89 0.37 0.63
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.50 -2.45 1.45 0.99 0.61
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 5.04 3.74 6.34 0.66 3.99e-14
19-25 years 0.05 -0.92 1.01 0.49 0.92
36-45 years 0.12 -0.76 1.00 0.45 0.79
46-55 years 0.26 -0.56 1.08 0.42 0.54
56-65 years 1.31 0.48 2.14 0.42 0.002
66-70 years 1.53 0.27 2.79 0.64 0.02
71-75 years 1.17 -0.36 2.70 0.78 0.13
76+ years -0.81 -3.98 2.36 1.62 0.62
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.09 -0.60 2.78 0.86 0.21
Asian or Asian British 3.38 0.91 5.84 1.26 0.007
African or African British -0.84 -5.78 4.10 2.52 0.74
Other ethnicity 0.58 -1.77 2.93 1.20 0.63
Key worker -0.40 -0.94 0.15 0.28 0.15
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -1.35 -1.47 -1.23 0.06 9.91e-102
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5094 0.06 0.06 51.24 1.63e-61 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.39 -2.96 0.19 0.80 0.08
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.80 0.78 0.83 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders -0.40 -1.94 1.15 0.79 0.62
Eating disorders 2.53 -0.69 5.75 1.64 0.12
OCDs 1.25 -1.27 3.78 1.29 0.33
PTSD -0.42 -3.66 2.82 1.65 0.80
Depressive disorders 0.68 -0.33 1.70 0.52 0.19
Bipolar disorders 1.65 0.24 3.06 0.72 0.02
Female -0.51 -1.26 0.24 0.38 0.18
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.02 -1.97 1.92 0.99 0.98
Age 20.87 -19.95 61.70 20.82 0.32
Age^2 -30.55 -70.57 9.47 20.41 0.13
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.54 0.77 4.31 0.90 0.005
Asian or Asian British 1.26 -2.28 4.80 1.80 0.48
African or African British -0.86 -6.53 4.81 2.89 0.77
Other ethnicity 1.68 -0.87 4.23 1.30 0.20
Key worker -0.34 -0.92 0.23 0.29 0.24
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.02 -0.13 0.17 0.08 0.79
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
2313 0.07 0.07 30.36 3.08e-35 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -1.14 -2.66 0.39 0.78 0.14
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.79 0.77 0.81 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.43 -0.51 1.38 0.48 0.37
Only depressive disorder -0.40 -1.65 0.85 0.64 0.53
Only anxiety disorder -0.63 -1.97 0.70 0.68 0.35
Eating disorders 0.63 -0.19 1.45 0.42 0.13
OCDs 1.21 0.48 1.95 0.38 0.001
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.77 -0.34 3.88 1.07 0.10
Only psychotic disorder 0.75 -0.94 2.44 0.86 0.39
Only bipolar disorder 0.50 -0.69 1.70 0.61 0.41
PTSD -0.03 -0.75 0.70 0.37 0.94
ASD 1.36 -0.18 2.90 0.78 0.08
ADHD 1.63 -0.58 3.84 1.13 0.15
Personality disorder -0.11 -1.06 0.85 0.49 0.83
Female -0.56 -1.31 0.19 0.38 0.14
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.46 -2.42 1.51 1.00 0.65
Age 33.65 -7.50 74.81 20.99 0.11
Age^2 -26.13 -66.02 13.77 20.34 0.20
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.35 0.60 4.09 0.89 0.008
Asian or Asian British 0.65 -2.75 4.06 1.74 0.71
African or African British -0.54 -6.18 5.10 2.88 0.85
Other ethnicity 1.69 -0.86 4.23 1.30 0.19
Key worker -0.21 -0.78 0.36 0.29 0.47
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.02 -0.13 0.17 0.07 0.78
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
2313 0.07 0.07 30.36 3.08e-35 6

OCIR retro

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -2.83 -6.91 1.24 2.08 0.17
Anxiety disorders -2.22 -6.61 2.17 2.24 0.32
Eating disorders -2.17 -8.88 4.55 3.42 0.53
OCDs -3.29 -8.28 1.70 2.55 0.20
PTSD -5.17 -11.06 0.73 3.01 0.09
Depressive disorders -2.57 -6.66 1.52 2.09 0.22
Bipolar disorders -2.70 -6.95 1.54 2.16 0.21
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1746 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.75 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -3.69 -6.52 -0.87 1.44 0.01
Depressive and anxiety disorder -1.42 -4.27 1.44 1.46 0.33
Only depressive disorder -1.99 -5.10 1.12 1.59 0.21
Only anxiety disorder -2.05 -5.16 1.07 1.59 0.20
Eating disorders 0.14 -0.85 1.12 0.50 0.79
OCDs -0.26 -1.11 0.58 0.43 0.54
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.76 -1.82 3.33 1.31 0.56
Only psychotic disorder -0.04 -2.04 1.96 1.02 0.97
Only bipolar disorder -0.26 -1.65 1.13 0.71 0.71
PTSD -0.48 -1.31 0.36 0.43 0.26
ASD -0.16 -1.97 1.65 0.92 0.86
ADHD 1.24 -1.46 3.93 1.37 0.37
Personality disorder -0.75 -1.86 0.36 0.57 0.18
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1746 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.75 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -3.18 -7.65 1.28 2.28 0.16
Anxiety disorders -2.23 -6.61 2.15 2.23 0.32
Eating disorders -2.00 -8.71 4.72 3.42 0.56
OCDs -3.21 -8.19 1.76 2.54 0.21
PTSD -5.21 -11.11 0.69 3.01 0.08
Depressive disorders -2.76 -6.86 1.35 2.09 0.19
Bipolar disorders -3.11 -7.36 1.14 2.17 0.15
Female -0.77 -1.77 0.23 0.51 0.13
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.67 -3.01 1.68 1.19 0.58
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 0.28 -2.19 2.76 1.26 0.82
19-25 years -0.43 -1.59 0.73 0.59 0.47
36-45 years 1.27 0.24 2.30 0.53 0.02
46-55 years 0.97 -0.04 1.98 0.51 0.06
56-65 years 1.05 -0.10 2.20 0.59 0.07
66-70 years 2.31 0.01 4.61 1.17 0.05
71-75 years 3.01 -0.30 6.33 1.69 0.07
76+ years 0.63 -7.52 8.78 4.16 0.88
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.51 0.35 4.66 1.10 0.02
Asian or Asian British -1.11 -5.82 3.59 2.40 0.64
African or African British -0.49 -7.53 6.56 3.59 0.89
Other ethnicity 1.40 -1.44 4.24 1.45 0.33
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.07 -0.14 0.27 0.11 0.54
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1746 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.75 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -4.07 -7.52 -0.62 1.76 0.02
Depressive and anxiety disorder -1.65 -4.57 1.28 1.49 0.27
Only depressive disorder -2.52 -5.69 0.66 1.62 0.12
Only anxiety disorder -2.13 -5.29 1.03 1.61 0.19
Eating disorders 0.38 -0.61 1.37 0.51 0.45
OCDs -0.15 -1.00 0.70 0.43 0.72
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.36 -2.21 2.94 1.31 0.78
Only psychotic disorder -0.37 -2.38 1.63 1.02 0.71
Only bipolar disorder -0.32 -1.72 1.08 0.72 0.66
PTSD -0.46 -1.30 0.39 0.43 0.29
ASD -0.06 -1.88 1.76 0.93 0.95
ADHD 1.36 -1.36 4.07 1.38 0.33
Personality disorder -0.74 -1.85 0.37 0.57 0.19
Female -0.76 -1.76 0.24 0.51 0.14
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.82 -3.21 1.57 1.22 0.50
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 0.51 -1.94 2.95 1.25 0.69
19-25 years -0.49 -1.65 0.68 0.59 0.41
36-45 years 1.25 0.22 2.29 0.53 0.02
46-55 years 0.96 -0.06 1.97 0.52 0.06
56-65 years 1.09 -0.07 2.25 0.59 0.07
66-70 years 2.26 -0.03 4.56 1.17 0.05
71-75 years 2.89 -0.36 6.15 1.66 0.08
76+ years 0.91 -7.26 9.09 4.17 0.83
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.45 0.27 4.63 1.11 0.03
Asian or Asian British -1.13 -5.85 3.58 2.40 0.64
African or African British -0.51 -7.55 6.53 3.59 0.89
Other ethnicity 1.67 -1.24 4.57 1.48 0.26
Key worker 0.11 -0.60 0.83 0.37 0.75
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.07 -0.14 0.27 0.11 0.54
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1746 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.75 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.61 -2.24 5.46 1.96 0.41
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.80 0.78 0.83 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders -3.75 -7.86 0.35 2.09 0.07
Eating disorders -2.66 -8.93 3.62 3.20 0.41
OCDs -1.97 -6.64 2.69 2.38 0.41
PTSD -4.33 -9.84 1.18 2.81 0.12
Depressive disorders -2.63 -6.45 1.20 1.95 0.18
Bipolar disorders -1.69 -5.66 2.27 2.02 0.40
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1746 0.71 0.71 615.64 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.14 -1.55 3.83 1.37 0.41
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.78 0.76 0.81 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder -2.11 -4.77 0.55 1.35 0.12
Only depressive disorder -3.03 -5.93 -0.14 1.48 0.04
Only anxiety disorder -3.28 -6.18 -0.39 1.48 0.03
Eating disorders 0.29 -0.63 1.21 0.47 0.53
OCDs 1.45 0.63 2.26 0.41 5.00e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.84 -0.56 4.24 1.22 0.13
Only psychotic disorder 0.37 -1.49 2.23 0.95 0.70
Only bipolar disorder 0.39 -0.91 1.68 0.66 0.56
PTSD 0.06 -0.72 0.84 0.40 0.87
ASD 1.15 -0.54 2.84 0.86 0.18
ADHD 1.06 -1.45 3.57 1.28 0.41
Personality disorder 0.25 -0.78 1.29 0.53 0.63
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1750 0.03 0.03 9.60 2.04e-10 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 1.66 -2.73 6.05 2.24 0.46
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.80 0.78 0.83 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders -4.58 -8.83 -0.33 2.17 0.03
Eating disorders -3.19 -9.57 3.19 3.25 0.33
OCDs -2.77 -7.56 2.02 2.44 0.26
PTSD -5.05 -10.68 0.59 2.87 0.08
Depressive disorders -3.55 -7.56 0.46 2.04 0.08
Bipolar disorders -2.64 -6.78 1.51 2.11 0.21
Female -0.60 -1.53 0.33 0.48 0.21
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.11 -2.30 2.08 1.12 0.92
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 0.86 -1.46 3.18 1.18 0.47
19-25 years -0.20 -1.29 0.89 0.56 0.71
36-45 years 0.86 -0.11 1.82 0.49 0.08
46-55 years 0.89 -0.05 1.84 0.48 0.06
56-65 years 0.55 -0.53 1.63 0.55 0.32
66-70 years 1.28 -0.88 3.45 1.11 0.25
71-75 years 0.86 -2.26 3.98 1.59 0.59
76+ years 1.19 -6.42 8.80 3.88 0.76
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.17 0.11 4.23 1.05 0.04
Asian or Asian British 1.64 -2.77 6.05 2.25 0.47
African or African British -0.33 -6.91 6.25 3.36 0.92
Other ethnicity 1.99 -0.72 4.70 1.38 0.15
Key worker -0.39 -1.06 0.27 0.34 0.25
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.14 -0.06 0.33 0.10 0.17
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1750 0.03 0.03 9.60 2.04e-10 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 0.33 -2.93 3.58 1.66 0.84
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.78 0.76 0.81 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder -2.31 -5.03 0.41 1.39 0.10
Only depressive disorder -3.37 -6.33 -0.42 1.51 0.03
Only anxiety disorder -3.39 -6.33 -0.44 1.50 0.02
Eating disorders 0.47 -0.45 1.40 0.47 0.31
OCDs 1.51 0.70 2.33 0.42 2.85e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.51 -0.90 3.91 1.22 0.22
Only psychotic disorder 0.06 -1.81 1.93 0.95 0.95
Only bipolar disorder 0.37 -0.94 1.68 0.67 0.58
PTSD 0.05 -0.74 0.84 0.40 0.91
ASD 1.08 -0.63 2.78 0.87 0.22
ADHD 1.06 -1.47 3.58 1.29 0.41
Personality disorder 0.20 -0.84 1.24 0.53 0.70
Female -0.72 -1.65 0.22 0.48 0.13
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.42 -2.64 1.81 1.13 0.71
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.13 -1.15 3.42 1.16 0.33
19-25 years -0.16 -1.24 0.93 0.55 0.77
36-45 years 0.91 -0.06 1.87 0.49 0.07
46-55 years 1.03 0.09 1.98 0.48 0.03
56-65 years 0.74 -0.34 1.82 0.55 0.18
66-70 years 1.58 -0.55 3.72 1.09 0.15
71-75 years 1.46 -1.57 4.50 1.55 0.34
76+ years 0.83 -6.78 8.44 3.88 0.83
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.94 -0.09 3.97 1.03 0.06
Asian or Asian British 1.47 -2.93 5.87 2.24 0.51
African or African British 0.05 -6.50 6.60 3.34 0.99
Other ethnicity 1.93 -0.77 4.63 1.38 0.16
Key worker -0.24 -0.91 0.43 0.34 0.48
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.15 -0.05 0.34 0.10 0.14
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1750 0.03 0.03 9.60 2.04e-10 6

PCL baseline, not controlling for prior symptoms

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 8.44 8.35 8.54 0.05 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 3.42 3.16 3.67 0.13 3.65e-153
Eating disorders 3.66 2.85 4.46 0.41 6.61e-19
OCDs 5.54 4.88 6.20 0.34 1.20e-60
PTSD 6.20 5.54 6.86 0.34 1.99e-75
Depressive disorders 6.48 6.36 6.60 0.06 0.00e+00
Bipolar disorders 8.99 8.67 9.31 0.16 0.00e+00
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31227 0.28 0.28 1988.78 0.00e+00 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 8.65 8.57 8.74 0.04 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 6.11 5.98 6.24 0.07 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 2.78 2.61 2.95 0.09 1.85e-216
Only anxiety disorder 3.28 3.06 3.50 0.11 6.19e-185
Eating disorders 1.34 1.11 1.57 0.12 5.16e-30
OCDs 1.74 1.52 1.97 0.11 1.82e-53
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.21 0.59 1.84 0.32 1.50e-04
Only psychotic disorder 0.72 0.19 1.26 0.27 0.008
Only bipolar disorder 1.16 0.82 1.50 0.17 1.61e-11
PTSD 2.86 2.65 3.06 0.10 7.16e-163
ASD 1.99 1.59 2.39 0.20 2.03e-22
ADHD 1.21 0.67 1.74 0.27 9.18e-06
Personality disorder 2.82 2.52 3.11 0.15 4.00e-78
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31227 0.28 0.28 1988.78 0.00e+00 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 9.92 9.63 10.21 0.15 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 2.39 2.13 2.65 0.13 1.27e-71
Eating disorders 2.19 1.38 2.99 0.41 1.07e-07
OCDs 3.32 2.65 3.98 0.34 8.10e-23
PTSD 5.29 4.62 5.96 0.34 7.29e-54
Depressive disorders 5.41 5.27 5.55 0.07 0.00e+00
Bipolar disorders 7.78 7.46 8.10 0.16 0.00e+00
Female 0.77 0.63 0.91 0.07 1.31e-26
Non-binary/Self-defined 2.26 1.70 2.82 0.29 4.12e-15
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 3.65 3.27 4.02 0.19 2.67e-80
19-25 years 1.87 1.61 2.13 0.13 2.56e-45
36-45 years -0.77 -0.99 -0.56 0.11 2.89e-12
46-55 years -1.25 -1.45 -1.05 0.10 1.18e-34
56-65 years -2.18 -2.38 -1.98 0.10 3.13e-102
66-70 years -2.91 -3.16 -2.66 0.13 1.79e-112
71-75 years -3.08 -3.37 -2.79 0.15 2.81e-96
76+ years -2.87 -3.31 -2.43 0.22 1.29e-37
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.56 0.10 1.01 0.23 0.02
Asian or Asian British 0.32 -0.23 0.87 0.28 0.25
African or African British 0.60 -0.39 1.58 0.50 0.24
Other ethnicity 1.13 0.33 1.92 0.41 0.006
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.01 -0.04 0.02 0.02 0.36
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31227 0.28 0.28 1988.78 0.00e+00 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 9.96 9.68 10.24 0.14 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.22 5.08 5.36 0.07 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 2.64 2.46 2.82 0.09 5.39e-177
Only anxiety disorder 2.43 2.20 2.66 0.12 6.09e-95
Eating disorders 0.86 0.63 1.09 0.12 1.83e-13
OCDs 1.30 1.08 1.52 0.11 7.18e-31
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.44 0.82 2.06 0.32 4.85e-06
Only psychotic disorder 0.77 0.24 1.30 0.27 0.005
Only bipolar disorder 1.25 0.92 1.59 0.17 2.80e-13
PTSD 2.86 2.66 3.07 0.10 7.38e-163
ASD 1.07 0.67 1.47 0.21 1.95e-07
ADHD 0.60 0.07 1.13 0.27 0.03
Personality disorder 2.53 2.24 2.83 0.15 5.50e-64
Female 0.69 0.55 0.82 0.07 6.12e-24
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.20 0.66 1.73 0.27 1.12e-05
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 3.78 3.43 4.13 0.18 6.03e-99
19-25 years 1.74 1.49 1.98 0.12 5.45e-44
36-45 years -0.58 -0.79 -0.38 0.10 2.61e-08
46-55 years -0.86 -1.05 -0.67 0.10 1.09e-18
56-65 years -1.62 -1.81 -1.43 0.10 6.72e-62
66-70 years -2.37 -2.62 -2.12 0.13 4.25e-79
71-75 years -2.56 -2.84 -2.28 0.14 3.64e-71
76+ years -2.40 -2.82 -1.98 0.21 2.56e-29
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.52 0.09 0.95 0.22 0.02
Asian or Asian British 0.77 0.26 1.28 0.26 0.003
African or African British 0.63 -0.29 1.56 0.47 0.18
Other ethnicity 0.84 0.10 1.59 0.38 0.03
Key worker -0.55 -0.67 -0.42 0.06 4.00e-18
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.03 -0.05 0.00 0.01 0.07
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31227 0.28 0.28 1988.78 0.00e+00 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 7.38 7.06 7.71 0.17 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders 2.43 2.11 2.75 0.16 2.55e-49
Eating disorders 2.38 1.40 3.36 0.50 2.04e-06
OCDs 3.87 3.02 4.72 0.43 5.59e-19
PTSD 5.61 4.69 6.54 0.47 1.91e-32
Depressive disorders 5.82 5.66 5.98 0.08 0.00e+00
Bipolar disorders 8.09 7.73 8.46 0.18 0.00e+00
Female 0.54 0.38 0.69 0.08 3.39e-11
Non-binary/Self-defined 2.03 1.40 2.67 0.32 3.98e-10
Age -229.67 -241.40 -217.93 5.99 1.96e-311
Age^2 36.64 26.05 47.23 5.40 1.21e-11
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.57 0.05 1.10 0.27 0.03
Asian or Asian British 0.67 -0.02 1.36 0.35 0.06
African or African British 0.75 -0.37 1.87 0.57 0.19
Other ethnicity 1.59 0.62 2.56 0.50 0.001
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.12 0.08 0.16 0.02 2.58e-09
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
24380 0.32 0.32 1898.00 0.00e+00 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 7.58 7.27 7.89 0.16 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.70 5.53 5.87 0.09 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 2.94 2.72 3.15 0.11 4.51e-155
Only anxiety disorder 2.67 2.38 2.95 0.14 5.36e-75
Eating disorders 1.09 0.82 1.35 0.13 6.40e-16
OCDs 1.31 1.06 1.56 0.13 4.24e-24
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.06 0.32 1.81 0.38 0.005
Only psychotic disorder 0.44 -0.17 1.04 0.31 0.16
Only bipolar disorder 1.23 0.86 1.60 0.19 6.56e-11
PTSD 2.88 2.65 3.12 0.12 1.83e-125
ASD 1.36 0.88 1.85 0.25 3.67e-08
ADHD 0.64 -0.02 1.29 0.33 0.06
Personality disorder 2.48 2.14 2.81 0.17 5.13e-48
Female 0.41 0.26 0.56 0.08 7.45e-08
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.96 0.36 1.56 0.31 0.002
Age -192.33 -203.97 -180.68 5.94 1.12e-224
Age^2 23.77 13.42 34.12 5.28 6.83e-06
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.46 -0.04 0.95 0.25 0.07
Asian or Asian British 1.05 0.40 1.69 0.33 0.001
African or African British 0.77 -0.28 1.82 0.54 0.15
Other ethnicity 1.08 0.17 1.99 0.46 0.02
Key worker -0.58 -0.72 -0.44 0.07 3.46e-16
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.13 0.09 0.17 0.02 1.19e-11
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
24380 0.32 0.32 1898.00 0.00e+00 6

PCL prepan

Regression: Change scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 0.28 -0.70 1.26 0.50 0.58
Anxiety disorders -0.07 -1.15 1.01 0.55 0.89
Eating disorders -0.55 -2.63 1.53 1.06 0.61
OCDs -0.30 -1.76 1.15 0.74 0.68
PTSD -1.60 -3.30 0.10 0.86 0.06
Depressive disorders -0.04 -1.03 0.94 0.50 0.93
Bipolar disorders -0.27 -1.33 0.79 0.54 0.61
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11019 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.39 6

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 0.39 -0.31 1.09 0.36 0.27
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.02 -0.68 0.73 0.36 0.95
Only depressive disorder -0.16 -0.92 0.61 0.39 0.69
Only anxiety disorder -0.21 -1.01 0.59 0.41 0.61
Eating disorders 0.13 -0.21 0.48 0.18 0.45
OCDs -0.08 -0.40 0.24 0.16 0.64
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.69 -1.63 0.24 0.48 0.15
Only psychotic disorder -0.03 -0.82 0.75 0.40 0.93
Only bipolar disorder 0.06 -0.41 0.53 0.24 0.79
PTSD -0.89 -1.20 -0.59 0.15 7.68e-09
ASD -0.12 -0.74 0.51 0.32 0.72
ADHD -0.23 -1.09 0.63 0.44 0.60
Personality disorder -0.29 -0.71 0.13 0.22 0.18
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11019 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.39 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -0.49 -1.63 0.65 0.58 0.40
Anxiety disorders -0.09 -1.17 0.98 0.55 0.86
Eating disorders -0.68 -2.75 1.40 1.06 0.52
OCDs -0.48 -1.93 0.97 0.74 0.52
PTSD -1.61 -3.31 0.09 0.87 0.06
Depressive disorders 0.00 -0.99 0.98 0.50 1.00
Bipolar disorders -0.13 -1.19 0.93 0.54 0.81
Female 0.62 0.34 0.91 0.15 2.16e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.04 -0.85 0.78 0.42 0.93
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -0.12 -0.80 0.57 0.35 0.74
19-25 years 0.34 -0.03 0.72 0.19 0.07
36-45 years -0.47 -0.80 -0.14 0.17 0.005
46-55 years -0.57 -0.89 -0.25 0.16 4.36e-04
56-65 years -0.29 -0.64 0.07 0.18 0.12
66-70 years -0.48 -1.10 0.15 0.32 0.13
71-75 years -0.49 -1.33 0.35 0.43 0.25
76+ years 0.33 -1.30 1.95 0.83 0.69
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.37 -0.38 1.11 0.38 0.33
Asian or Asian British 0.12 -1.11 1.35 0.63 0.84
African or African British -1.16 -3.08 0.75 0.98 0.23
Other ethnicity -0.11 -1.25 1.02 0.58 0.84
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11019 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.39 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -0.36 -1.28 0.56 0.47 0.44
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.08 -0.64 0.79 0.36 0.83
Only depressive disorder -0.03 -0.80 0.74 0.39 0.94
Only anxiety disorder -0.23 -1.04 0.57 0.41 0.57
Eating disorders 0.00 -0.34 0.35 0.18 0.99
OCDs -0.11 -0.44 0.21 0.16 0.49
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.58 -1.52 0.35 0.48 0.22
Only psychotic disorder 0.07 -0.72 0.86 0.40 0.86
Only bipolar disorder 0.20 -0.27 0.67 0.24 0.41
PTSD -0.87 -1.18 -0.57 0.16 1.90e-08
ASD -0.12 -0.75 0.52 0.32 0.72
ADHD -0.22 -1.08 0.64 0.44 0.62
Personality disorder -0.44 -0.86 -0.01 0.22 0.04
Female 0.69 0.40 0.98 0.15 3.50e-06
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.17 -0.65 0.99 0.42 0.68
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 -0.17 -0.85 0.51 0.35 0.62
19-25 years 0.30 -0.07 0.67 0.19 0.12
36-45 years -0.45 -0.78 -0.13 0.17 0.007
46-55 years -0.55 -0.87 -0.23 0.16 8.29e-04
56-65 years -0.33 -0.69 0.04 0.18 0.08
66-70 years -0.63 -1.26 0.01 0.32 0.05
71-75 years -0.65 -1.49 0.19 0.43 0.13
76+ years 0.11 -1.51 1.74 0.83 0.89
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.45 -0.29 1.19 0.38 0.24
Asian or Asian British 0.22 -1.00 1.45 0.63 0.72
African or African British -1.19 -3.10 0.72 0.97 0.22
Other ethnicity 0.11 -1.01 1.22 0.57 0.85
Key worker -0.21 -0.44 0.01 0.11 0.06
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.07 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11019 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.39 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -0.75 -1.87 0.37 0.57 0.19
Anxiety disorders -0.08 -1.16 0.99 0.55 0.88
Eating disorders -0.74 -2.82 1.34 1.06 0.49
OCDs -0.50 -1.95 0.95 0.74 0.50
PTSD -1.62 -3.32 0.08 0.87 0.06
Depressive disorders 0.01 -0.97 1.00 0.50 0.98
Bipolar disorders -0.12 -1.18 0.94 0.54 0.83
Female 0.63 0.35 0.92 0.15 1.56e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.02 -0.84 0.80 0.42 0.96
Age -23.35 -34.93 -11.76 5.91 7.85e-05
Age^2 15.73 4.37 27.08 5.79 0.007
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.36 -0.38 1.11 0.38 0.34
Asian or Asian British 0.10 -1.13 1.33 0.63 0.87
African or African British -1.18 -3.10 0.73 0.98 0.23
Other ethnicity -0.13 -1.26 1.01 0.58 0.83
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11019 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.39 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept -0.65 -1.54 0.24 0.45 0.15
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.11 -0.60 0.82 0.36 0.76
Only depressive disorder 0.00 -0.77 0.77 0.39 1.00
Only anxiety disorder -0.21 -1.01 0.60 0.41 0.61
Eating disorders 0.00 -0.35 0.34 0.18 0.99
OCDs -0.12 -0.44 0.21 0.16 0.48
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.57 -1.51 0.37 0.48 0.23
Only psychotic disorder 0.05 -0.73 0.84 0.40 0.90
Only bipolar disorder 0.19 -0.28 0.67 0.24 0.42
PTSD -0.88 -1.19 -0.58 0.16 1.42e-08
ASD -0.15 -0.78 0.48 0.32 0.64
ADHD -0.23 -1.09 0.63 0.44 0.60
Personality disorder -0.42 -0.85 0.00 0.22 0.05
Female 0.69 0.40 0.98 0.15 2.71e-06
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.19 -0.63 1.01 0.42 0.65
Age -24.68 -36.47 -12.90 6.01 4.07e-05
Age^2 10.78 -0.90 22.46 5.96 0.07
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.45 -0.30 1.19 0.38 0.24
Asian or Asian British 0.21 -1.02 1.43 0.63 0.74
African or African British -1.20 -3.11 0.71 0.97 0.22
Other ethnicity 0.10 -1.02 1.21 0.57 0.87
Key worker -0.21 -0.43 0.01 0.11 0.07
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.07 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11019 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.39 6

Regression: Absolute scores

Model 0a: Disorder_hierarchical, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.08 5.18 6.97 0.46 3.93e-40
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.57 0.55 0.58 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders -0.34 -1.30 0.62 0.49 0.49
Eating disorders 0.04 -1.81 1.89 0.94 0.97
OCDs 0.37 -0.92 1.66 0.66 0.57
PTSD 0.12 -1.39 1.62 0.77 0.88
Depressive disorders 0.94 0.06 1.82 0.45 0.04
Bipolar disorders 1.47 0.52 2.41 0.48 0.002
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11019 0.33 0.33 764.66 0.00e+00 7

Model 0b: Overlapping disorders, Unadjusted

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.83 6.17 7.48 0.33 7.35e-91
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.53 0.52 0.55 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.51 -0.12 1.13 0.32 0.11
Only depressive disorder -0.51 -1.19 0.16 0.34 0.14
Only anxiety disorder -0.63 -1.34 0.08 0.36 0.08
Eating disorders 0.59 0.29 0.89 0.16 1.40e-04
OCDs 0.61 0.33 0.90 0.15 2.59e-05
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.40 -1.23 0.42 0.42 0.34
Only psychotic disorder -0.05 -0.74 0.65 0.35 0.89
Only bipolar disorder 0.35 -0.07 0.76 0.21 0.10
PTSD 0.73 0.46 1.01 0.14 1.43e-07
ASD 0.65 0.10 1.20 0.28 0.02
ADHD 0.24 -0.51 1.00 0.39 0.53
Personality disorder 1.08 0.71 1.46 0.19 1.71e-08
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11081 0.02 0.02 32.92 1.45e-39 6

Model 1a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.85 4.82 6.89 0.53 2.28e-28
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.54 0.53 0.56 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders -0.37 -1.32 0.58 0.49 0.45
Eating disorders -0.02 -1.85 1.80 0.93 0.98
OCDs 0.10 -1.18 1.38 0.65 0.88
PTSD 0.48 -1.02 1.98 0.77 0.53
Depressive disorders 1.13 0.26 2.00 0.44 0.01
Bipolar disorders 1.76 0.82 2.70 0.48 2.39e-04
Female 0.58 0.32 0.83 0.13 8.06e-06
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.76 0.05 1.48 0.37 0.04
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.00 0.39 1.62 0.31 0.001
19-25 years 0.85 0.51 1.18 0.17 5.32e-07
36-45 years -0.51 -0.80 -0.23 0.15 4.77e-04
46-55 years -0.64 -0.92 -0.36 0.14 6.95e-06
56-65 years -0.92 -1.24 -0.60 0.16 1.22e-08
66-70 years -2.07 -2.63 -1.51 0.29 3.91e-13
71-75 years -2.47 -3.21 -1.72 0.38 8.23e-11
76+ years -1.94 -3.37 -0.51 0.73 0.008
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.29 -0.37 0.95 0.34 0.39
Asian or Asian British 0.39 -0.70 1.47 0.55 0.49
African or African British -0.14 -1.83 1.54 0.86 0.87
Other ethnicity 0.43 -0.57 1.44 0.51 0.40
Key worker -0.69 -0.88 -0.49 0.10 8.46e-12
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.09 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.004
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11081 0.02 0.02 32.92 1.45e-39 6

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed_reordered + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.46 5.62 7.30 0.43 5.67e-51
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.51 0.50 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.70 0.07 1.32 0.32 0.03
Only depressive disorder -0.13 -0.80 0.55 0.34 0.71
Only anxiety disorder -0.64 -1.35 0.06 0.36 0.07
Eating disorders 0.43 0.12 0.73 0.15 0.006
OCDs 0.52 0.23 0.80 0.14 3.53e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.19 -1.01 0.63 0.42 0.65
Only psychotic disorder 0.04 -0.65 0.72 0.35 0.92
Only bipolar disorder 0.51 0.10 0.93 0.21 0.01
PTSD 0.85 0.57 1.12 0.14 1.20e-09
ASD 0.37 -0.19 0.92 0.28 0.19
ADHD 0.16 -0.59 0.91 0.38 0.68
Personality disorder 0.92 0.55 1.30 0.19 1.43e-06
Female 0.47 0.21 0.72 0.13 3.21e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.47 -0.25 1.18 0.36 0.20
age_category_collapsed_reordered16-18 1.18 0.58 1.78 0.31 1.12e-04
19-25 years 0.87 0.54 1.19 0.17 2.18e-07
36-45 years -0.48 -0.77 -0.19 0.15 0.001
46-55 years -0.57 -0.85 -0.29 0.14 6.43e-05
56-65 years -0.78 -1.10 -0.46 0.16 1.33e-06
66-70 years -1.84 -2.39 -1.28 0.28 8.75e-11
71-75 years -2.22 -2.95 -1.48 0.38 3.86e-09
76+ years -1.76 -3.19 -0.34 0.73 0.02
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.24 -0.41 0.89 0.33 0.47
Asian or Asian British 0.52 -0.55 1.60 0.55 0.34
African or African British -0.02 -1.69 1.65 0.85 0.98
Other ethnicity 0.35 -0.63 1.32 0.50 0.49
Key worker -0.59 -0.79 -0.40 0.10 2.64e-09
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.09 0.04 0.15 0.03 0.001
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11081 0.02 0.02 32.92 1.45e-39 6

Model 2a: Disorder hierarchical, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.49 4.48 6.51 0.52 4.13e-26
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.54 0.53 0.56 0.01 0.00e+00
Anxiety disorders -0.39 -1.34 0.56 0.49 0.43
Eating disorders -0.13 -1.95 1.70 0.93 0.89
OCDs 0.10 -1.18 1.37 0.65 0.88
PTSD 0.39 -1.11 1.89 0.77 0.61
Depressive disorders 1.09 0.22 1.96 0.44 0.01
Bipolar disorders 1.71 0.77 2.65 0.48 3.52e-04
Female 0.57 0.32 0.82 0.13 1.03e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.77 0.05 1.49 0.37 0.04
Age -73.59 -83.97 -63.22 5.29 1.30e-43
Age^2 2.03 -8.27 12.34 5.25 0.70
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.27 -0.39 0.93 0.34 0.42
Asian or Asian British 0.38 -0.71 1.47 0.56 0.49
African or African British -0.15 -1.83 1.54 0.86 0.86
Other ethnicity 0.42 -0.58 1.42 0.51 0.41
Key worker -0.69 -0.88 -0.49 0.10 9.31e-12
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.09 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.004
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11081 0.02 0.02 32.92 1.45e-39 6

Model 2b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted with age^2

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age^2 + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.15 5.34 6.96 0.41 2.11e-49
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.51 0.50 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.66 0.03 1.28 0.32 0.04
Only depressive disorder -0.14 -0.82 0.53 0.34 0.68
Only anxiety disorder -0.67 -1.37 0.04 0.36 0.06
Eating disorders 0.43 0.13 0.74 0.15 0.005
OCDs 0.51 0.23 0.79 0.14 4.12e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.17 -0.99 0.66 0.42 0.69
Only psychotic disorder 0.04 -0.65 0.72 0.35 0.92
Only bipolar disorder 0.50 0.09 0.91 0.21 0.02
PTSD 0.85 0.57 1.12 0.14 1.17e-09
ASD 0.39 -0.16 0.94 0.28 0.17
ADHD 0.10 -0.65 0.86 0.38 0.79
Personality disorder 0.88 0.51 1.26 0.19 4.03e-06
Female 0.46 0.21 0.71 0.13 3.88e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.47 -0.24 1.19 0.36 0.19
Age -68.52 -78.94 -58.09 5.32 9.98e-38
Age^2 5.75 -4.47 15.98 5.22 0.27
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.23 -0.42 0.88 0.33 0.50
Asian or Asian British 0.52 -0.56 1.59 0.55 0.35
African or African British -0.03 -1.70 1.64 0.85 0.97
Other ethnicity 0.33 -0.65 1.31 0.50 0.51
Key worker -0.60 -0.79 -0.40 0.10 2.46e-09
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.10 0.04 0.15 0.03 0.001
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11081 0.02 0.02 32.92 1.45e-39 6

SENSITIVITY based on highest level of education

GAD prepan

Regression: Absolute scores

GAD baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 9.23 8.82 9.64 0.21 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 4.54 4.39 4.68 0.07 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 1.83 1.65 2.02 0.10 5.27e-82
Only anxiety disorder 3.05 2.82 3.29 0.12 2.00e-141
Eating disorders 0.92 0.69 1.16 0.12 1.63e-14
OCDs 1.43 1.20 1.65 0.12 9.22e-35
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.65 0.01 1.29 0.33 0.05
Only psychotic disorder 0.46 -0.09 1.01 0.28 0.10
Only bipolar disorder 0.62 0.27 0.96 0.18 4.47e-04
PTSD 1.53 1.31 1.74 0.11 1.13e-45
ASD 1.37 0.96 1.78 0.21 7.67e-11
ADHD 0.44 -0.10 0.98 0.28 0.11
Personality disorder 1.69 1.39 1.99 0.15 5.48e-28
Female 0.96 0.82 1.10 0.07 3.16e-42
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.70 0.16 1.24 0.28 0.01
19-25 years -1.17 -1.56 -0.77 0.20 6.25e-09
26-35 years -2.72 -3.09 -2.35 0.19 6.72e-46
36-45 years -3.43 -3.81 -3.06 0.19 5.44e-71
46-55 years -4.04 -4.41 -3.68 0.19 6.56e-104
56-65 years -4.94 -5.30 -4.58 0.18 3.22e-157
66-70 years -5.86 -6.25 -5.47 0.20 2.95e-186
71-75 years -6.07 -6.49 -5.65 0.21 4.64e-176
76+ years -5.97 -6.51 -5.43 0.28 2.53e-103
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.11 -0.33 0.54 0.22 0.62
Asian or Asian British 0.15 -0.37 0.67 0.26 0.57
African or African British -0.45 -1.40 0.50 0.49 0.35
Other ethnicity 0.93 0.16 1.71 0.39 0.02
Key worker -0.30 -0.43 -0.18 0.06 2.81e-06
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.26 -0.28 -0.23 0.01 1.10e-67
Highest education NVQ -0.45 -0.73 -0.16 0.15 0.002
Highest education A-Levels -0.56 -0.77 -0.35 0.11 1.56e-07
Highest education University -1.00 -1.19 -0.81 0.10 1.10e-25
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31331 0.22 0.22 1503.62 0.00e+00 6

GAD retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 7.16 6.68 7.64 0.25 2.48e-183
gad.sum_score_retro 0.50 0.49 0.52 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.13 1.95 2.32 0.10 4.82e-108
Only depressive disorder 0.82 0.58 1.05 0.12 1.23e-11
Only anxiety disorder 1.65 1.37 1.93 0.14 3.83e-31
Eating disorders 0.53 0.27 0.79 0.13 5.66e-05
OCDs 0.58 0.34 0.83 0.13 4.48e-06
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.40 -0.32 1.11 0.37 0.28
Only psychotic disorder 0.23 -0.40 0.86 0.32 0.47
Only bipolar disorder 0.30 -0.09 0.69 0.20 0.13
PTSD 0.87 0.64 1.10 0.12 2.36e-13
ASD 0.81 0.36 1.27 0.23 4.81e-04
ADHD 0.24 -0.36 0.84 0.30 0.43
Personality disorder 0.90 0.57 1.24 0.17 1.37e-07
Female 0.72 0.54 0.91 0.09 1.49e-14
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.06 -0.67 0.55 0.31 0.84
19-25 years 0.16 -0.28 0.59 0.22 0.48
26-35 years -0.81 -1.22 -0.39 0.21 1.33e-04
36-45 years -1.39 -1.81 -0.98 0.21 7.55e-11
46-55 years -1.70 -2.11 -1.30 0.21 2.65e-16
56-65 years -2.08 -2.48 -1.67 0.21 1.84e-23
66-70 years -2.49 -2.96 -2.02 0.24 9.17e-25
71-75 years -2.85 -3.38 -2.32 0.27 1.02e-25
76+ years -3.01 -3.80 -2.23 0.40 5.51e-14
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.29 -0.78 0.20 0.25 0.25
Asian or Asian British 0.11 -0.52 0.75 0.32 0.73
African or African British -0.61 -1.80 0.58 0.61 0.31
Other ethnicity 0.50 -0.34 1.33 0.43 0.25
Key worker 0.06 -0.09 0.21 0.08 0.45
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.24 -0.27 -0.20 0.02 2.55e-42
Highest education NVQ -0.35 -0.72 0.03 0.19 0.07
Highest education A-Levels -0.52 -0.78 -0.26 0.13 8.84e-05
Highest education University -0.82 -1.06 -0.58 0.12 1.31e-11
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23100 0.15 0.15 660.52 0.00e+00 6

GAD prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 4.14 3.10 5.18 0.53 5.53e-15
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.36 0.35 0.38 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.93 0.29 1.57 0.33 0.004
Only depressive disorder -0.82 -1.52 -0.13 0.35 0.02
Only anxiety disorder 0.76 0.03 1.48 0.37 0.04
Eating disorders 0.79 0.48 1.11 0.16 6.88e-07
OCDs 0.84 0.55 1.14 0.15 1.68e-08
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.32 -1.17 0.53 0.43 0.46
Only psychotic disorder 0.09 -0.62 0.80 0.36 0.81
Only bipolar disorder 0.18 -0.25 0.60 0.22 0.42
PTSD 0.13 -0.15 0.41 0.14 0.36
ASD 0.79 0.22 1.36 0.29 0.007
ADHD -0.04 -0.81 0.73 0.39 0.92
Personality disorder 0.58 0.19 0.96 0.20 0.004
Female 0.54 0.28 0.80 0.13 5.05e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.19 -0.54 0.92 0.37 0.61
19-25 years -0.04 -0.69 0.61 0.33 0.90
26-35 years -1.04 -1.68 -0.41 0.32 0.001
36-45 years -1.54 -2.18 -0.90 0.33 2.62e-06
46-55 years -1.96 -2.59 -1.32 0.32 1.57e-09
56-65 years -2.71 -3.36 -2.06 0.33 3.27e-16
66-70 years -3.42 -4.23 -2.61 0.41 1.38e-16
71-75 years -3.66 -4.63 -2.70 0.49 1.14e-13
76+ years -3.37 -4.96 -1.78 0.81 3.38e-05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.01 -0.65 0.67 0.34 0.98
Asian or Asian British -0.07 -1.17 1.03 0.56 0.90
African or African British -0.90 -2.68 0.87 0.91 0.32
Other ethnicity 0.85 -0.17 1.87 0.52 0.10
Key worker -0.25 -0.45 -0.05 0.10 0.02
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.00 -0.06 0.06 0.03 0.95
Highest education NVQ -0.18 -0.66 0.30 0.24 0.47
Highest education A-Levels -0.90 -1.28 -0.51 0.20 5.25e-06
Highest education University -1.15 -1.51 -0.79 0.18 3.38e-10
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11165 0.01 0.01 11.04 2.61e-12 6

PHQ baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 12.70 12.24 13.16 0.24 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.50 5.33 5.66 0.08 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 3.43 3.22 3.64 0.11 7.32e-220
Only anxiety disorder 2.03 1.77 2.30 0.14 5.41e-51
Eating disorders 1.59 1.33 1.86 0.14 6.57e-32
OCDs 1.35 1.10 1.61 0.13 3.69e-25
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.45 -0.27 1.18 0.37 0.22
Only psychotic disorder 0.88 0.26 1.49 0.32 0.006
Only bipolar disorder 1.44 1.05 1.83 0.20 3.51e-13
PTSD 2.05 1.82 2.29 0.12 2.33e-64
ASD 1.54 1.08 2.01 0.24 7.69e-11
ADHD 1.01 0.40 1.62 0.31 0.001
Personality disorder 2.86 2.52 3.20 0.17 1.67e-60
Female 0.85 0.69 1.00 0.08 1.16e-26
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.38 0.76 1.99 0.31 1.12e-05
19-25 years -2.97 -3.42 -2.53 0.23 2.51e-39
26-35 years -5.01 -5.43 -4.59 0.21 3.79e-119
36-45 years -5.69 -6.12 -5.27 0.22 1.65e-150
46-55 years -6.10 -6.51 -5.69 0.21 4.59e-184
56-65 years -7.20 -7.61 -6.80 0.21 2.16e-259
66-70 years -8.43 -8.87 -7.99 0.23 2.16e-299
71-75 years -8.55 -9.02 -8.08 0.24 1.02e-271
76+ years -8.43 -9.04 -7.82 0.31 2.43e-160
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.38 -0.11 0.87 0.25 0.13
Asian or Asian British 0.33 -0.25 0.92 0.30 0.27
African or African British -0.31 -1.39 0.76 0.55 0.57
Other ethnicity 0.99 0.12 1.86 0.45 0.03
Key worker -0.60 -0.74 -0.46 0.07 1.07e-16
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.24 -0.27 -0.21 0.02 1.33e-46
Highest education NVQ -0.70 -1.03 -0.38 0.16 1.71e-05
Highest education A-Levels -0.62 -0.86 -0.39 0.12 2.12e-07
Highest education University -1.44 -1.65 -1.23 0.11 4.70e-41
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31315 0.26 0.26 1846.76 0.00e+00 6

PHQ retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 9.42 8.94 9.91 0.25 1.24e-303
phq.sum_score_retro 0.57 0.56 0.59 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.26 2.07 2.45 0.10 3.46e-113
Only depressive disorder 1.44 1.20 1.69 0.12 1.69e-31
Only anxiety disorder 0.81 0.52 1.10 0.15 4.89e-08
Eating disorders 0.84 0.57 1.11 0.14 8.95e-10
OCDs 0.53 0.28 0.79 0.13 5.17e-05
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.28 -1.02 0.47 0.38 0.47
Only psychotic disorder 0.00 -0.65 0.65 0.33 1.00
Only bipolar disorder 0.69 0.29 1.09 0.21 8.18e-04
PTSD 1.10 0.86 1.34 0.12 6.57e-19
ASD 0.78 0.32 1.25 0.24 9.99e-04
ADHD 0.51 -0.11 1.13 0.32 0.11
Personality disorder 1.27 0.93 1.62 0.18 6.97e-13
Female 0.65 0.46 0.84 0.09 7.38e-12
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.50 -0.12 1.13 0.32 0.11
19-25 years -1.19 -1.63 -0.75 0.22 9.30e-08
26-35 years -2.41 -2.83 -1.99 0.21 3.37e-29
36-45 years -2.91 -3.34 -2.48 0.22 1.36e-40
46-55 years -3.03 -3.44 -2.61 0.21 1.83e-46
56-65 years -3.43 -3.85 -3.02 0.21 4.20e-59
66-70 years -4.01 -4.49 -3.53 0.25 1.49e-59
71-75 years -4.01 -4.56 -3.46 0.28 8.71e-47
76+ years -4.20 -4.99 -3.41 0.41 4.05e-25
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.10 -0.41 0.61 0.26 0.71
Asian or Asian British 0.17 -0.47 0.82 0.33 0.59
African or African British -0.60 -1.78 0.58 0.60 0.32
Other ethnicity 0.12 -0.74 0.97 0.44 0.79
Key worker -0.06 -0.21 0.09 0.08 0.44
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.23 -0.27 -0.20 0.02 9.73e-40
Highest education NVQ -0.69 -1.08 -0.30 0.20 4.76e-04
Highest education A-Levels -0.69 -0.96 -0.42 0.14 6.57e-07
Highest education University -1.24 -1.49 -0.99 0.13 2.18e-22
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23090 0.18 0.18 844.05 0.00e+00 6

PHQ prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.48 5.32 7.64 0.59 6.67e-28
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.43 0.41 0.45 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.17 0.45 1.88 0.36 0.001
Only depressive disorder 1.00 0.23 1.78 0.39 0.01
Only anxiety disorder -1.07 -1.88 -0.27 0.41 0.009
Eating disorders 1.41 1.06 1.76 0.18 2.67e-15
OCDs 0.71 0.38 1.03 0.17 2.23e-05
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.57 -1.52 0.38 0.48 0.24
Only psychotic disorder 0.38 -0.41 1.18 0.41 0.34
Only bipolar disorder 0.76 0.29 1.23 0.24 0.002
PTSD 0.18 -0.14 0.49 0.16 0.27
ASD 0.74 0.10 1.38 0.33 0.02
ADHD 0.14 -0.72 1.00 0.44 0.75
Personality disorder 1.37 0.93 1.80 0.22 5.87e-10
Female 0.12 -0.17 0.41 0.15 0.41
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.53 -0.28 1.35 0.42 0.20
19-25 years -1.07 -1.80 -0.35 0.37 0.004
26-35 years -2.39 -3.10 -1.68 0.36 3.66e-11
36-45 years -2.83 -3.55 -2.12 0.36 8.78e-15
46-55 years -2.99 -3.70 -2.28 0.36 1.33e-16
56-65 years -3.85 -4.58 -3.13 0.37 2.81e-25
66-70 years -5.30 -6.21 -4.40 0.46 1.70e-30
71-75 years -5.61 -6.69 -4.54 0.55 1.81e-24
76+ years -5.05 -6.84 -3.25 0.91 3.51e-08
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.37 -0.37 1.10 0.38 0.33
Asian or Asian British -0.06 -1.29 1.16 0.62 0.92
African or African British -0.71 -2.69 1.27 1.01 0.48
Other ethnicity 0.45 -0.68 1.59 0.58 0.44
Key worker -0.72 -0.94 -0.49 0.11 3.85e-10
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.05 -0.02 0.11 0.03 0.16
Highest education NVQ -0.24 -0.78 0.29 0.27 0.38
Highest education A-Levels -0.96 -1.39 -0.53 0.22 1.33e-05
Highest education University -1.56 -1.96 -1.16 0.20 2.42e-14
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11162 0.02 0.02 44.52 4.15e-54 6

OCIR baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 25.13 23.22 27.04 0.97 4.92e-138
Depressive and anxiety disorder 3.14 2.24 4.04 0.46 1.13e-11
Only depressive disorder 0.36 -0.85 1.57 0.62 0.56
Only anxiety disorder 0.82 -0.43 2.06 0.64 0.20
Eating disorders 0.37 -0.70 1.44 0.54 0.50
OCDs 7.03 6.09 7.97 0.48 9.11e-48
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 7.05 4.47 9.62 1.32 8.91e-08
Only psychotic disorder 4.27 1.97 6.57 1.17 2.73e-04
Only bipolar disorder 2.81 1.15 4.47 0.85 8.89e-04
PTSD 2.07 1.14 3.01 0.48 1.41e-05
ASD 7.45 5.74 9.17 0.87 1.75e-17
ADHD 2.35 0.01 4.69 1.19 0.05
Personality disorder 2.85 1.57 4.13 0.65 1.24e-05
Female -0.88 -1.81 0.04 0.47 0.06
Non-binary/Self-defined -1.03 -3.53 1.47 1.27 0.42
19-25 years -4.86 -6.58 -3.15 0.87 2.86e-08
26-35 years -6.38 -8.05 -4.71 0.85 7.40e-14
36-45 years -6.52 -8.23 -4.80 0.87 1.07e-13
46-55 years -6.64 -8.26 -5.03 0.82 9.58e-16
56-65 years -7.74 -9.33 -6.15 0.81 2.19e-21
66-70 years -7.71 -9.67 -5.74 1.00 1.88e-14
71-75 years -8.72 -10.99 -6.44 1.16 6.45e-14
76+ years -10.27 -14.12 -6.42 1.96 1.80e-07
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.66 -1.54 2.85 1.12 0.56
Asian or Asian British 5.40 2.54 8.27 1.46 2.16e-04
African or African British 1.20 -4.67 7.08 3.00 0.69
Other ethnicity 2.84 -0.30 5.98 1.60 0.08
Key worker -0.81 -1.52 -0.10 0.36 0.02
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.44 -0.59 -0.29 0.08 2.58e-08
Highest education NVQ -1.05 -2.97 0.88 0.98 0.29
Highest education A-Levels -2.06 -3.15 -0.96 0.56 2.46e-04
Highest education University -3.17 -4.19 -2.14 0.52 1.34e-09
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5187 0.06 0.06 52.91 1.40e-63 6

OCIR retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 18.72 17.08 20.35 0.83 2.86e-105
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.74 0.72 0.77 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder -1.21 -1.94 -0.47 0.38 0.001
Only depressive disorder -0.93 -1.92 0.06 0.50 0.07
Only anxiety disorder -0.40 -1.41 0.61 0.52 0.44
Eating disorders -0.12 -0.96 0.71 0.42 0.77
OCDs 2.15 1.41 2.89 0.38 1.34e-08
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 4.15 2.14 6.16 1.02 5.21e-05
Only psychotic disorder 1.49 -0.27 3.26 0.90 0.10
Only bipolar disorder 0.44 -0.81 1.68 0.63 0.49
PTSD 0.62 -0.10 1.34 0.37 0.09
ASD 2.44 1.08 3.80 0.69 4.49e-04
ADHD 1.75 -0.13 3.62 0.96 0.07
Personality disorder 0.67 -0.31 1.64 0.50 0.18
Female 0.09 -0.63 0.82 0.37 0.80
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.58 -2.54 1.38 1.00 0.56
19-25 years -4.30 -5.75 -2.85 0.74 6.96e-09
26-35 years -4.44 -5.85 -3.03 0.72 7.04e-10
36-45 years -4.23 -5.66 -2.80 0.73 7.87e-09
46-55 years -4.21 -5.58 -2.84 0.70 1.95e-09
56-65 years -3.46 -4.82 -2.11 0.69 5.94e-07
66-70 years -3.15 -4.80 -1.50 0.84 1.84e-04
71-75 years -3.44 -5.35 -1.54 0.97 3.94e-04
76+ years -6.28 -9.81 -2.75 1.80 4.98e-04
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.11 -0.59 2.80 0.86 0.20
Asian or Asian British 3.60 1.15 6.05 1.25 0.004
African or African British -1.12 -6.03 3.80 2.51 0.66
Other ethnicity 0.54 -1.82 2.90 1.20 0.65
Key worker -0.35 -0.90 0.20 0.28 0.21
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -1.33 -1.46 -1.21 0.06 1.18e-96
Highest education NVQ -3.74 -5.17 -2.31 0.73 2.82e-07
Highest education A-Levels -1.91 -2.79 -1.03 0.45 2.00e-05
Highest education University -1.39 -2.21 -0.58 0.41 7.82e-04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5094 0.06 0.06 51.24 1.63e-61 6

OCIR prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 9.79 3.49 16.09 3.21 0.002
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.61 0.51 0.70 0.05 3.45e-35
Depressive and anxiety disorder -4.64 -8.98 -0.29 2.22 0.04
Only depressive disorder -5.24 -9.97 -0.52 2.41 0.03
Only anxiety disorder -6.10 -10.81 -1.39 2.40 0.01
Eating disorders 0.54 -0.99 2.06 0.78 0.49
OCDs 7.14 5.82 8.46 0.67 1.55e-25
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 6.00 1.88 10.12 2.10 0.004
Only psychotic disorder 1.32 -1.74 4.39 1.56 0.40
Only bipolar disorder 1.87 -0.34 4.07 1.12 0.10
PTSD -0.22 -1.55 1.11 0.68 0.74
ASD 4.60 1.74 7.46 1.46 0.002
ADHD 0.32 -3.94 4.59 2.17 0.88
Personality disorder 1.55 -0.18 3.29 0.88 0.08
Female -0.12 -1.66 1.42 0.79 0.88
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.38 -2.26 5.02 1.86 0.46
19-25 years -0.52 -4.41 3.37 1.98 0.79
26-35 years -1.13 -4.96 2.70 1.95 0.56
36-45 years -1.97 -5.83 1.90 1.97 0.32
46-55 years -0.81 -4.62 3.00 1.94 0.68
56-65 years -2.46 -6.37 1.44 1.99 0.22
66-70 years -1.45 -6.43 3.53 2.54 0.57
71-75 years -3.13 -9.25 3.00 3.12 0.32
76+ years 0.14 -11.20 11.48 5.78 0.98
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.46 -1.85 4.78 1.69 0.39
Asian or Asian British 6.57 -1.05 14.19 3.89 0.09
African or African British 2.37 -8.32 13.05 5.45 0.66
Other ethnicity 3.28 -1.14 7.70 2.25 0.15
Key worker -0.75 -1.85 0.35 0.56 0.18
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.28 -0.04 0.60 0.16 0.09
Highest education NVQ 0.78 -1.71 3.27 1.27 0.54
Highest education A-Levels -1.86 -3.83 0.10 1.00 0.06
Highest education University -2.67 -4.52 -0.83 0.94 0.004
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1786 0.03 0.03 10.03 6.36e-11 6

PCL baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 13.98 13.57 14.39 0.21 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.16 5.01 5.30 0.07 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 2.64 2.46 2.83 0.09 1.39e-170
Only anxiety disorder 2.43 2.20 2.66 0.12 2.42e-92
Eating disorders 0.91 0.68 1.15 0.12 1.79e-14
OCDs 1.24 1.02 1.47 0.11 3.03e-27
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.31 0.67 1.94 0.32 5.21e-05
Only psychotic disorder 0.77 0.22 1.31 0.28 0.006
Only bipolar disorder 1.23 0.89 1.57 0.17 1.98e-12
PTSD 2.83 2.62 3.04 0.11 5.98e-154
ASD 1.08 0.68 1.49 0.21 2.00e-07
ADHD 0.55 0.01 1.09 0.28 0.05
Personality disorder 2.43 2.13 2.73 0.15 6.97e-57
Female 0.70 0.57 0.84 0.07 4.79e-24
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.24 0.70 1.78 0.27 6.53e-06
19-25 years -1.65 -2.04 -1.27 0.20 8.97e-17
26-35 years -3.36 -3.73 -2.99 0.19 2.75e-70
36-45 years -3.99 -4.36 -3.62 0.19 5.01e-97
46-55 years -4.34 -4.70 -3.98 0.18 6.97e-122
56-65 years -5.13 -5.49 -4.77 0.18 1.66e-172
66-70 years -5.85 -6.23 -5.46 0.20 2.24e-189
71-75 years -6.01 -6.42 -5.59 0.21 4.58e-176
76+ years -5.81 -6.34 -5.27 0.27 5.62e-100
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.57 0.14 1.00 0.22 0.010
Asian or Asian British 0.69 0.17 1.20 0.26 0.009
African or African British 0.57 -0.37 1.51 0.48 0.24
Other ethnicity 0.80 0.03 1.56 0.39 0.04
Key worker -0.50 -0.62 -0.37 0.06 4.24e-15
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.04 -0.06 -0.01 0.01 0.01
Highest education NVQ -0.16 -0.44 0.12 0.14 0.27
Highest education A-Levels -0.32 -0.53 -0.11 0.11 0.002
Highest education University -0.71 -0.90 -0.53 0.09 3.79e-14
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31227 0.28 0.28 1988.78 0.00e+00 6

#PCL prepan ### Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 8.38 7.35 9.40 0.52 3.37e-57
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.50 0.49 0.52 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.65 0.01 1.28 0.32 0.05
Only depressive disorder -0.18 -0.86 0.51 0.35 0.62
Only anxiety disorder -0.66 -1.37 0.06 0.36 0.07
Eating disorders 0.50 0.19 0.81 0.16 0.001
OCDs 0.49 0.20 0.77 0.15 9.24e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.18 -1.01 0.66 0.43 0.68
Only psychotic disorder 0.00 -0.70 0.71 0.36 0.99
Only bipolar disorder 0.57 0.15 0.99 0.21 0.008
PTSD 0.81 0.54 1.09 0.14 8.79e-09
ASD 0.34 -0.22 0.91 0.29 0.23
ADHD 0.16 -0.61 0.93 0.39 0.68
Personality disorder 0.90 0.51 1.28 0.19 4.40e-06
Female 0.44 0.18 0.70 0.13 8.13e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.45 -0.27 1.17 0.37 0.22
19-25 years -0.12 -0.77 0.52 0.33 0.70
26-35 years -1.02 -1.65 -0.40 0.32 0.001
36-45 years -1.56 -2.19 -0.93 0.32 1.33e-06
46-55 years -1.69 -2.32 -1.06 0.32 1.19e-07
56-65 years -1.98 -2.62 -1.34 0.33 1.49e-09
66-70 years -2.83 -3.63 -2.03 0.41 4.17e-12
71-75 years -3.34 -4.30 -2.39 0.49 6.57e-12
76+ years -3.12 -4.68 -1.56 0.80 9.21e-05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.34 -0.31 0.99 0.33 0.31
Asian or Asian British 0.47 -0.62 1.56 0.56 0.40
African or African British -0.20 -1.95 1.54 0.89 0.82
Other ethnicity 0.28 -0.72 1.29 0.51 0.58
Key worker -0.53 -0.73 -0.33 0.10 1.40e-07
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.09 0.03 0.15 0.03 0.003
Highest education NVQ -0.06 -0.54 0.41 0.24 0.80
Highest education A-Levels -0.64 -1.02 -0.26 0.19 0.001
Highest education University -0.79 -1.14 -0.44 0.18 1.21e-05
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11081 0.02 0.02 32.92 1.45e-39 6

Sensitivity anlayses based on employment prior to covid

Function change to include employment prior to covid as predictors

GAD baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 8.52 8.09 8.95 0.22 1.09e-322
Depressive and anxiety disorder 4.39 4.25 4.54 0.07 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 1.75 1.57 1.93 0.09 2.07e-78
Only anxiety disorder 3.00 2.77 3.23 0.12 1.19e-141
Eating disorders 0.97 0.73 1.21 0.12 2.53e-15
OCDs 1.36 1.13 1.59 0.12 6.45e-31
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.98 0.31 1.65 0.34 0.004
Only psychotic disorder 0.22 -0.35 0.78 0.29 0.45
Only bipolar disorder 0.47 0.11 0.83 0.18 0.010
PTSD 1.44 1.22 1.66 0.11 6.78e-39
ASD 1.26 0.84 1.68 0.22 5.77e-09
ADHD 0.42 -0.14 0.97 0.28 0.14
Personality disorder 1.43 1.11 1.75 0.16 2.02e-18
Female 0.92 0.79 1.06 0.07 4.13e-41
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.70 0.15 1.25 0.28 0.01
19-25 years -1.52 -1.90 -1.14 0.20 6.91e-15
26-35 years -3.09 -3.47 -2.71 0.19 6.20e-57
36-45 years -3.87 -4.25 -3.48 0.20 9.13e-85
46-55 years -4.39 -4.77 -4.01 0.19 1.70e-112
56-65 years -5.09 -5.47 -4.70 0.20 1.74e-146
66-70 years -5.70 -6.14 -5.27 0.22 1.17e-144
71-75 years -5.93 -6.39 -5.47 0.23 1.33e-140
76+ years -5.79 -6.34 -5.24 0.28 5.52e-93
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.15 -0.28 0.59 0.22 0.48
Asian or Asian British 0.05 -0.46 0.56 0.26 0.85
African or African British -0.41 -1.38 0.55 0.49 0.40
Other ethnicity 0.74 -0.02 1.51 0.39 0.06
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.25 -0.28 -0.22 0.01 6.45e-67
Key worker 0.05 -0.09 0.20 0.07 0.47
Retired -0.19 -0.40 0.02 0.11 0.08
Student 0.60 0.27 0.92 0.16 2.77e-04
Unemployed 1.80 1.54 2.07 0.13 2.33e-41
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31331 0.22 0.22 1503.62 0.00e+00 6

GAD retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 6.58 6.09 7.08 0.25 1.58e-145
gad.sum_score_retro 0.51 0.49 0.53 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.05 1.86 2.24 0.10 1.99e-100
Only depressive disorder 0.79 0.55 1.02 0.12 5.22e-11
Only anxiety disorder 1.62 1.34 1.89 0.14 2.25e-30
Eating disorders 0.58 0.31 0.84 0.14 1.90e-05
OCDs 0.61 0.36 0.87 0.13 2.89e-06
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.72 -0.03 1.46 0.38 0.06
Only psychotic disorder 0.04 -0.61 0.69 0.33 0.90
Only bipolar disorder 0.28 -0.13 0.68 0.21 0.18
PTSD 0.90 0.66 1.14 0.12 2.85e-13
ASD 0.75 0.28 1.22 0.24 0.002
ADHD 0.24 -0.38 0.86 0.32 0.44
Personality disorder 0.78 0.42 1.13 0.18 2.27e-05
Female 0.66 0.48 0.85 0.09 1.12e-12
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.10 -0.71 0.52 0.32 0.76
19-25 years -0.15 -0.57 0.27 0.21 0.48
26-35 years -1.10 -1.52 -0.68 0.21 2.32e-07
36-45 years -1.74 -2.17 -1.31 0.22 1.82e-15
46-55 years -1.96 -2.38 -1.54 0.22 1.07e-19
56-65 years -2.23 -2.66 -1.79 0.22 8.55e-24
66-70 years -2.48 -3.00 -1.95 0.27 3.62e-20
71-75 years -2.89 -3.47 -2.31 0.30 1.33e-22
76+ years -2.93 -3.72 -2.13 0.41 6.14e-13
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.28 -0.77 0.21 0.25 0.27
Asian or Asian British 0.01 -0.62 0.64 0.32 0.98
African or African British -0.64 -1.85 0.56 0.61 0.29
Other ethnicity 0.38 -0.47 1.23 0.43 0.38
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.24 -0.27 -0.20 0.02 8.57e-42
Key worker 0.32 0.15 0.49 0.09 2.48e-04
Retired -0.02 -0.30 0.26 0.14 0.90
Student 0.47 0.11 0.82 0.18 0.010
Unemployed 0.81 0.51 1.12 0.16 2.04e-07
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23100 0.15 0.15 660.52 0.00e+00 6

GAD prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.28 2.26 4.31 0.52 3.59e-10
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.36 0.35 0.38 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.84 0.20 1.48 0.33 0.010
Only depressive disorder -0.83 -1.51 -0.14 0.35 0.02
Only anxiety disorder 0.72 0.00 1.44 0.37 0.05
Eating disorders 0.85 0.53 1.17 0.16 2.45e-07
OCDs 0.82 0.52 1.12 0.15 1.08e-07
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.24 -1.14 0.66 0.46 0.60
Only psychotic disorder -0.13 -0.87 0.61 0.38 0.73
Only bipolar disorder 0.09 -0.36 0.53 0.23 0.70
PTSD 0.17 -0.13 0.46 0.15 0.27
ASD 0.74 0.14 1.34 0.31 0.02
ADHD -0.02 -0.85 0.80 0.42 0.95
Personality disorder 0.37 -0.05 0.78 0.21 0.08
Female 0.54 0.27 0.80 0.13 6.34e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.21 -0.55 0.96 0.38 0.59
19-25 years -0.42 -1.05 0.22 0.32 0.20
26-35 years -1.44 -2.07 -0.80 0.32 8.77e-06
36-45 years -1.90 -2.55 -1.26 0.33 7.41e-09
46-55 years -2.32 -2.96 -1.68 0.33 1.80e-12
56-65 years -2.89 -3.57 -2.22 0.35 7.86e-17
66-70 years -3.55 -4.42 -2.68 0.44 1.20e-15
71-75 years -3.72 -4.73 -2.71 0.52 5.63e-13
76+ years -3.24 -4.82 -1.66 0.81 6.16e-05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.15 -0.52 0.82 0.34 0.67
Asian or Asian British -0.23 -1.32 0.85 0.55 0.67
African or African British -0.48 -2.28 1.32 0.92 0.60
Other ethnicity 0.53 -0.49 1.56 0.52 0.31
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.01 -0.07 0.05 0.03 0.79
Key worker 0.12 -0.11 0.36 0.12 0.30
Retired 0.08 -0.36 0.53 0.23 0.72
Student 0.42 -0.05 0.90 0.24 0.08
Unemployed 1.15 0.77 1.53 0.19 2.18e-09
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11165 0.01 0.01 11.04 2.61e-12 6

PHQ baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 11.56 11.07 12.04 0.25 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.25 5.09 5.41 0.08 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 3.26 3.06 3.47 0.10 1.82e-209
Only anxiety disorder 1.97 1.71 2.23 0.13 1.12e-49
Eating disorders 1.55 1.28 1.82 0.14 1.81e-29
OCDs 1.29 1.03 1.55 0.13 2.57e-22
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.47 -0.28 1.23 0.38 0.22
Only psychotic disorder 0.48 -0.16 1.11 0.32 0.14
Only bipolar disorder 1.19 0.79 1.59 0.21 7.85e-09
PTSD 1.80 1.56 2.04 0.12 1.65e-47
ASD 1.25 0.77 1.72 0.24 3.09e-07
ADHD 1.20 0.57 1.82 0.32 1.73e-04
Personality disorder 2.42 2.06 2.78 0.18 2.21e-39
Female 0.86 0.71 1.01 0.08 1.39e-28
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.36 0.74 1.98 0.31 1.63e-05
19-25 years -3.46 -3.89 -3.03 0.22 8.79e-56
26-35 years -5.52 -5.95 -5.09 0.22 1.45e-139
36-45 years -6.30 -6.73 -5.86 0.22 3.02e-174
46-55 years -6.62 -7.05 -6.19 0.22 6.28e-199
56-65 years -7.46 -7.90 -7.03 0.22 2.10e-245
66-70 years -8.28 -8.77 -7.79 0.25 1.91e-237
71-75 years -8.45 -8.97 -7.94 0.26 8.20e-223
76+ years -8.31 -8.93 -7.68 0.32 6.00e-149
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.43 -0.06 0.91 0.25 0.08
Asian or Asian British 0.24 -0.34 0.81 0.29 0.42
African or African British -0.43 -1.51 0.66 0.55 0.44
Other ethnicity 1.02 0.16 1.88 0.44 0.02
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.23 -0.26 -0.20 0.02 5.19e-44
Key worker 0.03 -0.13 0.19 0.08 0.71
Retired -0.04 -0.28 0.19 0.12 0.72
Student 1.07 0.71 1.43 0.18 6.60e-09
Unemployed 3.27 2.97 3.56 0.15 7.25e-104
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31315 0.26 0.26 1846.76 0.00e+00 6

PHQ retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 8.64 8.14 9.15 0.26 2.67e-239
phq.sum_score_retro 0.58 0.56 0.59 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.18 1.98 2.37 0.10 1.69e-105
Only depressive disorder 1.38 1.14 1.62 0.12 2.99e-29
Only anxiety disorder 0.77 0.48 1.06 0.15 1.63e-07
Eating disorders 0.86 0.58 1.14 0.14 1.22e-09
OCDs 0.55 0.29 0.82 0.14 4.74e-05
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.19 -0.96 0.58 0.39 0.63
Only psychotic disorder -0.12 -0.79 0.56 0.34 0.73
Only bipolar disorder 0.64 0.21 1.06 0.22 0.003
PTSD 1.02 0.77 1.27 0.13 1.56e-15
ASD 0.68 0.19 1.16 0.25 0.006
ADHD 0.58 -0.06 1.22 0.33 0.08
Personality disorder 1.14 0.77 1.52 0.19 1.70e-09
Female 0.64 0.45 0.83 0.09 1.58e-11
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.51 -0.13 1.14 0.32 0.12
19-25 years -1.72 -2.15 -1.30 0.22 1.95e-15
26-35 years -2.94 -3.37 -2.51 0.22 2.08e-41
36-45 years -3.47 -3.90 -3.03 0.22 7.71e-54
46-55 years -3.48 -3.91 -3.05 0.22 7.93e-56
56-65 years -3.74 -4.18 -3.30 0.23 9.50e-61
66-70 years -4.17 -4.71 -3.63 0.28 3.27e-51
71-75 years -4.23 -4.83 -3.63 0.31 1.78e-43
76+ years -4.33 -5.15 -3.51 0.42 3.53e-25
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.14 -0.37 0.65 0.26 0.60
Asian or Asian British 0.16 -0.48 0.79 0.32 0.63
African or African British -0.51 -1.71 0.69 0.61 0.41
Other ethnicity 0.22 -0.65 1.08 0.44 0.63
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.23 -0.26 -0.19 0.02 1.59e-37
Key worker 0.21 0.04 0.39 0.09 0.02
Retired -0.02 -0.31 0.28 0.15 0.90
Student 0.57 0.21 0.93 0.18 0.002
Unemployed 0.97 0.65 1.29 0.16 2.50e-09
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23090 0.18 0.18 844.05 0.00e+00 6

PHQ prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.09 3.95 6.23 0.58 2.04e-18
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.43 0.41 0.45 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.97 0.26 1.67 0.36 0.007
Only depressive disorder 0.82 0.05 1.58 0.39 0.04
Only anxiety disorder -1.19 -1.99 -0.39 0.41 0.003
Eating disorders 1.37 1.01 1.72 0.18 6.84e-14
OCDs 0.68 0.35 1.01 0.17 6.21e-05
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -1.05 -2.05 -0.05 0.51 0.04
Only psychotic disorder 0.13 -0.69 0.94 0.42 0.76
Only bipolar disorder 0.60 0.10 1.09 0.25 0.02
PTSD 0.04 -0.28 0.37 0.17 0.80
ASD 0.52 -0.15 1.18 0.34 0.13
ADHD 0.35 -0.56 1.26 0.46 0.46
Personality disorder 0.99 0.53 1.45 0.23 2.27e-05
Female 0.22 -0.07 0.51 0.15 0.14
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.57 -0.27 1.40 0.43 0.18
19-25 years -1.63 -2.33 -0.92 0.36 6.22e-06
26-35 years -2.96 -3.66 -2.25 0.36 1.76e-16
36-45 years -3.47 -4.19 -2.76 0.36 2.16e-21
46-55 years -3.64 -4.35 -2.93 0.36 2.21e-23
56-65 years -4.38 -5.13 -3.63 0.38 6.88e-30
66-70 years -5.65 -6.62 -4.69 0.49 1.84e-30
71-75 years -6.08 -7.20 -4.97 0.57 2.00e-26
76+ years -5.47 -7.24 -3.70 0.90 1.45e-09
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.50 -0.24 1.25 0.38 0.19
Asian or Asian British -0.25 -1.46 0.95 0.61 0.68
African or African British -0.34 -2.33 1.65 1.02 0.74
Other ethnicity 0.36 -0.77 1.50 0.58 0.53
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.06
Key worker 0.05 -0.21 0.31 0.13 0.71
Retired 0.61 0.12 1.11 0.25 0.01
Student 0.81 0.29 1.34 0.27 0.002
Unemployed 2.58 2.16 2.99 0.21 2.02e-33
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11162 0.02 0.02 44.52 4.15e-54 6

OCIR baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 24.10 22.06 26.13 1.04 1.02e-112
Depressive and anxiety disorder 3.06 2.16 3.96 0.46 2.95e-11
Only depressive disorder 0.39 -0.81 1.60 0.62 0.52
Only anxiety disorder 1.00 -0.23 2.22 0.62 0.11
Eating disorders 0.59 -0.52 1.69 0.56 0.30
OCDs 6.39 5.42 7.36 0.49 1.78e-37
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 6.53 3.92 9.14 1.33 9.80e-07
Only psychotic disorder 3.52 1.06 5.98 1.26 0.005
Only bipolar disorder 2.98 1.24 4.73 0.89 7.81e-04
PTSD 1.99 1.01 2.97 0.50 6.59e-05
ASD 7.23 5.45 9.00 0.91 2.01e-15
ADHD 2.14 -0.25 4.53 1.22 0.08
Personality disorder 2.70 1.30 4.11 0.72 1.65e-04
Female -1.11 -2.03 -0.19 0.47 0.02
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.89 -3.43 1.65 1.30 0.49
19-25 years -6.62 -8.26 -4.97 0.84 3.90e-15
26-35 years -8.54 -10.21 -6.87 0.85 2.00e-23
36-45 years -8.96 -10.71 -7.21 0.89 1.68e-23
46-55 years -8.79 -10.48 -7.09 0.87 5.45e-24
56-65 years -9.16 -10.90 -7.43 0.88 7.35e-25
66-70 years -8.26 -10.50 -6.03 1.14 5.05e-13
71-75 years -9.33 -11.82 -6.84 1.27 2.23e-13
76+ years -11.07 -14.86 -7.27 1.93 1.13e-08
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.88 -1.33 3.09 1.13 0.43
Asian or Asian British 5.32 2.47 8.17 1.45 2.50e-04
African or African British -0.45 -7.25 6.36 3.47 0.90
Other ethnicity 3.05 -0.25 6.34 1.68 0.07
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.44 -0.60 -0.29 0.08 2.72e-08
Key worker 0.02 -0.81 0.85 0.42 0.96
Retired -0.45 -1.76 0.86 0.67 0.50
Student -0.09 -1.60 1.42 0.77 0.90
Unemployed 3.73 2.46 5.00 0.65 8.65e-09
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5187 0.06 0.06 52.91 1.40e-63 6

OCIR retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 18.11 16.38 19.84 0.88 4.73e-89
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.74 0.71 0.76 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder -1.13 -1.87 -0.39 0.38 0.003
Only depressive disorder -0.97 -1.96 0.02 0.50 0.05
Only anxiety disorder -0.18 -1.18 0.82 0.51 0.73
Eating disorders 0.04 -0.83 0.91 0.44 0.93
OCDs 1.90 1.14 2.67 0.39 1.16e-06
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 3.08 1.06 5.10 1.03 0.003
Only psychotic disorder 0.74 -1.16 2.64 0.97 0.44
Only bipolar disorder 0.42 -0.89 1.72 0.67 0.53
PTSD 0.50 -0.26 1.25 0.39 0.20
ASD 2.37 0.96 3.78 0.72 1.00e-03
ADHD 1.81 -0.14 3.75 0.99 0.07
Personality disorder 0.61 -0.47 1.69 0.55 0.27
Female -0.01 -0.74 0.72 0.37 0.98
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.27 -2.28 1.74 1.03 0.79
19-25 years -5.02 -6.42 -3.61 0.72 3.39e-12
26-35 years -5.17 -6.59 -3.76 0.72 9.18e-13
36-45 years -5.42 -6.89 -3.95 0.75 5.46e-13
46-55 years -5.17 -6.61 -3.74 0.73 1.73e-12
56-65 years -3.97 -5.44 -2.50 0.75 1.32e-07
66-70 years -3.28 -5.13 -1.43 0.95 5.27e-04
71-75 years -3.62 -5.68 -1.55 1.05 6.01e-04
76+ years -5.65 -9.07 -2.24 1.74 0.001
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 1.02 -0.69 2.73 0.87 0.24
Asian or Asian British 3.71 1.25 6.18 1.26 0.003
African or African British -0.79 -6.52 4.94 2.92 0.79
Other ethnicity 1.56 -0.94 4.07 1.28 0.22
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -1.36 -1.48 -1.23 0.06 5.92e-96
Key worker -0.07 -0.72 0.57 0.33 0.82
Retired -0.33 -1.36 0.71 0.53 0.54
Student -0.25 -1.49 1.00 0.63 0.70
Unemployed 1.36 0.36 2.36 0.51 0.007
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5094 0.06 0.06 51.24 1.63e-61 6

OCIR prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 7.88 1.53 14.23 3.24 0.02
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.59 0.50 0.69 0.05 1.38e-31
Depressive and anxiety disorder -4.84 -9.28 -0.40 2.26 0.03
Only depressive disorder -5.59 -10.41 -0.77 2.46 0.02
Only anxiety disorder -6.09 -10.88 -1.29 2.45 0.01
Eating disorders 1.14 -0.47 2.75 0.82 0.17
OCDs 6.27 4.89 7.64 0.70 1.14e-18
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 3.38 -0.69 7.44 2.07 0.10
Only psychotic disorder 0.48 -2.85 3.81 1.70 0.78
Only bipolar disorder 2.57 0.27 4.86 1.17 0.03
PTSD -0.12 -1.54 1.31 0.72 0.87
ASD 5.30 2.29 8.31 1.54 5.72e-04
ADHD 0.33 -4.25 4.90 2.33 0.89
Personality disorder 1.91 -0.02 3.85 0.99 0.05
Female -0.08 -1.67 1.51 0.81 0.92
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.12 -2.76 5.00 1.98 0.57
19-25 years -1.84 -5.66 1.99 1.95 0.35
26-35 years -2.56 -6.36 1.23 1.94 0.19
36-45 years -3.10 -6.94 0.75 1.96 0.11
46-55 years -1.79 -5.64 2.06 1.96 0.36
56-65 years -3.67 -7.71 0.36 2.06 0.07
66-70 years -4.39 -9.60 0.82 2.66 0.10
71-75 years -5.84 -12.10 0.42 3.19 0.07
76+ years -2.12 -13.56 9.32 5.83 0.72
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.03 -1.41 5.47 1.75 0.25
Asian or Asian British 6.17 -1.43 13.77 3.88 0.11
African or African British 7.29 -7.76 22.35 7.68 0.34
Other ethnicity 4.41 -0.67 9.48 2.59 0.09
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.29 -0.04 0.63 0.17 0.09
Key worker 0.65 -0.69 1.98 0.68 0.34
Retired 2.90 0.49 5.31 1.23 0.02
Student 1.25 -1.29 3.78 1.29 0.34
Unemployed 3.78 1.93 5.64 0.95 6.51e-05
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1786 0.03 0.03 10.03 6.36e-11 6

PCL baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 13.22 12.79 13.64 0.22 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.00 4.86 5.15 0.07 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 2.58 2.40 2.76 0.09 4.64e-171
Only anxiety disorder 2.40 2.17 2.62 0.12 9.15e-94
Eating disorders 0.82 0.58 1.06 0.12 9.75e-12
OCDs 1.19 0.97 1.42 0.12 9.47e-25
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.50 0.84 2.15 0.34 8.22e-06
Only psychotic disorder 0.43 -0.13 0.98 0.28 0.13
Only bipolar disorder 0.98 0.62 1.33 0.18 6.63e-08
PTSD 2.69 2.48 2.91 0.11 4.58e-134
ASD 1.05 0.63 1.47 0.21 8.16e-07
ADHD 0.68 0.13 1.24 0.28 0.02
Personality disorder 2.14 1.82 2.45 0.16 4.91e-40
Female 0.71 0.58 0.84 0.07 1.25e-25
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.22 0.68 1.76 0.28 9.71e-06
19-25 years -1.80 -2.18 -1.42 0.19 9.70e-21
26-35 years -3.44 -3.82 -3.07 0.19 4.21e-72
36-45 years -4.15 -4.53 -3.77 0.19 6.01e-100
46-55 years -4.49 -4.86 -4.11 0.19 1.25e-120
56-65 years -5.07 -5.45 -4.69 0.19 1.18e-149
66-70 years -5.47 -5.90 -5.05 0.22 2.78e-137
71-75 years -5.65 -6.10 -5.20 0.23 1.59e-131
76+ years -5.46 -6.01 -4.92 0.28 2.87e-85
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.53 0.10 0.95 0.22 0.02
Asian or Asian British 0.69 0.18 1.19 0.26 0.007
African or African British 0.56 -0.39 1.51 0.48 0.25
Other ethnicity 0.79 0.04 1.54 0.38 0.04
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.03 -0.06 -0.01 0.01 0.02
Key worker -0.08 -0.22 0.06 0.07 0.26
Retired -0.13 -0.34 0.08 0.11 0.22
Student 0.72 0.40 1.03 0.16 9.01e-06
Unemployed 2.37 2.11 2.63 0.13 5.98e-72
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31227 0.28 0.28 1988.78 0.00e+00 6

#PCL prepan ### Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 7.44 6.43 8.46 0.52 1.83e-46
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.50 0.48 0.52 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.64 0.01 1.27 0.32 0.05
Only depressive disorder -0.13 -0.82 0.55 0.35 0.70
Only anxiety disorder -0.65 -1.36 0.07 0.36 0.08
Eating disorders 0.43 0.11 0.75 0.16 0.008
OCDs 0.46 0.16 0.76 0.15 0.002
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.23 -1.12 0.65 0.45 0.61
Only psychotic disorder -0.13 -0.86 0.60 0.37 0.73
Only bipolar disorder 0.44 0.00 0.88 0.23 0.05
PTSD 0.80 0.51 1.09 0.15 5.26e-08
ASD 0.45 -0.14 1.04 0.30 0.14
ADHD 0.34 -0.48 1.16 0.42 0.41
Personality disorder 0.65 0.25 1.06 0.21 0.002
Female 0.52 0.25 0.78 0.13 1.05e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.52 -0.22 1.27 0.38 0.17
19-25 years -0.28 -0.91 0.34 0.32 0.38
26-35 years -1.15 -1.77 -0.52 0.32 3.18e-04
36-45 years -1.74 -2.37 -1.10 0.32 9.06e-08
46-55 years -1.85 -2.49 -1.22 0.32 1.12e-08
56-65 years -1.98 -2.65 -1.31 0.34 7.60e-09
66-70 years -2.74 -3.60 -1.88 0.44 4.12e-10
71-75 years -3.09 -4.08 -2.09 0.51 1.35e-09
76+ years -2.67 -4.23 -1.11 0.80 7.78e-04
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.35 -0.31 1.02 0.34 0.30
Asian or Asian British 0.53 -0.55 1.62 0.55 0.33
African or African British 0.37 -1.39 2.14 0.90 0.68
Other ethnicity 0.19 -0.82 1.21 0.52 0.71
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.10 0.04 0.16 0.03 7.03e-04
Key worker -0.25 -0.48 -0.01 0.12 0.04
Retired -0.03 -0.47 0.41 0.22 0.88
Student 0.27 -0.20 0.74 0.24 0.26
Unemployed 1.21 0.83 1.58 0.19 2.20e-10
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11081 0.02 0.02 32.92 1.45e-39 6

Sensitivity anlayses based on employment change

Function change to include employment change as predictors

GAD baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 9.24 8.63 9.85 0.31 1.13e-188
Depressive and anxiety disorder 4.77 4.59 4.96 0.09 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 1.98 1.74 2.22 0.12 3.94e-57
Only anxiety disorder 3.28 2.98 3.58 0.15 1.87e-100
Eating disorders 0.69 0.40 0.97 0.14 1.94e-06
OCDs 1.36 1.09 1.62 0.14 3.65e-23
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.59 -0.17 1.35 0.39 0.13
Only psychotic disorder 0.24 -0.42 0.91 0.34 0.47
Only bipolar disorder 0.71 0.30 1.12 0.21 6.25e-04
PTSD 1.47 1.22 1.72 0.13 1.10e-30
ASD 1.05 0.55 1.55 0.25 3.70e-05
ADHD 0.41 -0.23 1.05 0.33 0.21
Personality disorder 1.96 1.61 2.31 0.18 3.92e-28
Female 0.98 0.80 1.15 0.09 6.41e-27
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.78 0.10 1.46 0.35 0.02
19-25 years -2.04 -2.61 -1.47 0.29 2.25e-12
26-35 years -3.53 -4.07 -2.99 0.27 8.94e-38
36-45 years -4.19 -4.73 -3.65 0.28 8.73e-52
46-55 years -4.65 -5.19 -4.12 0.27 9.12e-65
56-65 years -5.22 -5.77 -4.68 0.28 2.70e-79
66-70 years -6.53 -7.22 -5.84 0.35 8.47e-76
71-75 years -6.03 -6.88 -5.18 0.43 9.89e-44
76+ years -5.29 -6.68 -3.90 0.71 8.82e-14
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.00 -0.52 0.52 0.26 0.99
Asian or Asian British 0.24 -0.42 0.89 0.34 0.48
African or African British -0.34 -1.45 0.77 0.57 0.54
Other ethnicity 0.53 -0.41 1.48 0.48 0.27
Key worker -0.50 -0.64 -0.35 0.08 3.95e-11
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.24 -0.28 -0.21 0.02 1.10e-41
Increased employment 0.31 -0.06 0.68 0.19 0.10
Furloughed -0.32 -0.59 -0.05 0.14 0.02
employment_changeEmployment not changed -0.33 -0.53 -0.12 0.11 0.002
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31331 0.22 0.22 1503.62 0.00e+00 6

GAD retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 7.24 6.57 7.91 0.34 2.20e-97
gad.sum_score_retro 0.50 0.48 0.52 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.38 2.16 2.61 0.12 2.22e-92
Only depressive disorder 0.98 0.68 1.27 0.15 7.08e-11
Only anxiety disorder 1.86 1.52 2.21 0.17 1.12e-26
Eating disorders 0.43 0.13 0.74 0.16 0.006
OCDs 0.53 0.24 0.82 0.15 3.80e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.79 -0.07 1.65 0.44 0.07
Only psychotic disorder 0.03 -0.71 0.77 0.38 0.93
Only bipolar disorder 0.48 0.03 0.92 0.23 0.03
PTSD 0.69 0.42 0.96 0.14 4.44e-07
ASD 0.49 -0.05 1.03 0.28 0.08
ADHD 0.39 -0.31 1.08 0.36 0.28
Personality disorder 1.11 0.73 1.49 0.19 1.23e-08
Female 0.73 0.50 0.95 0.11 1.72e-10
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.09 -0.66 0.84 0.38 0.82
19-25 years -0.83 -1.43 -0.24 0.30 0.006
26-35 years -1.67 -2.24 -1.11 0.29 7.15e-09
36-45 years -2.28 -2.85 -1.71 0.29 6.38e-15
46-55 years -2.47 -3.04 -1.90 0.29 1.72e-17
56-65 years -2.66 -3.24 -2.08 0.30 2.32e-19
66-70 years -3.72 -4.57 -2.87 0.44 1.39e-17
71-75 years -3.40 -4.56 -2.24 0.59 9.44e-09
76+ years -3.14 -5.14 -1.13 1.02 0.002
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.58 -1.16 0.00 0.30 0.05
Asian or Asian British -0.10 -0.89 0.69 0.40 0.81
African or African British -0.59 -1.96 0.78 0.70 0.40
Other ethnicity 0.00 -1.03 1.02 0.52 0.99
Key worker 0.00 -0.17 0.17 0.09 0.98
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.23 -0.27 -0.19 0.02 1.74e-29
Increased employment 0.40 -0.01 0.81 0.21 0.05
Furloughed -0.17 -0.47 0.13 0.15 0.26
employment_changeEmployment not changed -0.06 -0.29 0.18 0.12 0.63
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23100 0.15 0.15 660.52 0.00e+00 6

GAD prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 3.63 2.35 4.91 0.65 2.70e-08
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.37 0.35 0.39 0.01 1.50e-285
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.16 0.41 1.90 0.38 0.002
Only depressive disorder -0.61 -1.41 0.20 0.41 0.14
Only anxiety disorder 1.10 0.26 1.94 0.43 0.01
Eating disorders 0.63 0.27 0.98 0.18 5.46e-04
OCDs 0.77 0.45 1.10 0.17 3.75e-06
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.54 -1.51 0.42 0.49 0.27
Only psychotic disorder -0.03 -0.83 0.78 0.41 0.95
Only bipolar disorder 0.27 -0.22 0.75 0.25 0.28
PTSD 0.05 -0.27 0.36 0.16 0.76
ASD 0.47 -0.17 1.12 0.33 0.15
ADHD 0.01 -0.83 0.84 0.43 0.99
Personality disorder 0.81 0.38 1.23 0.22 2.24e-04
Female 0.61 0.31 0.91 0.15 7.55e-05
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.30 -0.56 1.15 0.43 0.50
19-25 years -0.66 -1.54 0.21 0.44 0.13
26-35 years -1.72 -2.56 -0.87 0.43 6.64e-05
36-45 years -2.10 -2.95 -1.25 0.43 1.38e-06
46-55 years -2.44 -3.29 -1.59 0.43 1.75e-08
56-65 years -2.82 -3.71 -1.94 0.45 3.75e-10
66-70 years -4.35 -5.87 -2.82 0.78 2.52e-08
71-75 years -1.66 -3.99 0.67 1.19 0.16
76+ years -0.95 -5.12 3.22 2.13 0.66
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.11 -0.87 0.66 0.39 0.78
Asian or Asian British -0.06 -1.37 1.25 0.67 0.93
African or African British -0.66 -2.53 1.20 0.95 0.49
Other ethnicity 0.71 -0.48 1.91 0.61 0.24
Key worker -0.43 -0.65 -0.20 0.11 1.77e-04
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.01 -0.08 0.06 0.03 0.76
Increased employment 0.39 -0.12 0.90 0.26 0.13
Furloughed -0.36 -0.77 0.05 0.21 0.09
employment_changeEmployment not changed -0.14 -0.46 0.18 0.16 0.38
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11165 0.01 0.01 11.04 2.61e-12 6

PHQ baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 12.44 11.76 13.13 0.35 6.35e-269
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.67 5.46 5.88 0.11 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 3.56 3.29 3.84 0.14 5.09e-143
Only anxiety disorder 2.13 1.79 2.46 0.17 3.98e-35
Eating disorders 1.37 1.06 1.69 0.16 1.65e-17
OCDs 1.35 1.05 1.65 0.15 1.57e-18
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 0.22 -0.64 1.07 0.43 0.62
Only psychotic disorder 0.59 -0.16 1.33 0.38 0.12
Only bipolar disorder 1.49 1.04 1.95 0.23 1.54e-10
PTSD 1.90 1.62 2.18 0.14 2.74e-40
ASD 1.38 0.82 1.94 0.29 1.35e-06
ADHD 1.06 0.34 1.78 0.37 0.004
Personality disorder 3.21 2.81 3.60 0.20 1.20e-57
Female 0.82 0.62 1.02 0.10 8.40e-16
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.31 0.55 2.08 0.39 7.22e-04
19-25 years -3.88 -4.52 -3.24 0.33 9.39e-33
26-35 years -5.94 -6.54 -5.33 0.31 1.92e-82
36-45 years -6.53 -7.14 -5.93 0.31 4.27e-98
46-55 years -6.74 -7.34 -6.14 0.31 2.45e-106
56-65 years -7.49 -8.10 -6.88 0.31 8.88e-128
66-70 years -8.84 -9.62 -8.07 0.40 1.62e-109
71-75 years -8.41 -9.36 -7.45 0.49 2.75e-66
76+ years -8.64 -10.19 -7.08 0.79 1.93e-27
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.43 -0.15 1.01 0.30 0.15
Asian or Asian British 0.41 -0.32 1.15 0.38 0.27
African or African British -0.13 -1.38 1.11 0.63 0.83
Other ethnicity 0.63 -0.43 1.69 0.54 0.24
Key worker -0.88 -1.04 -0.71 0.08 2.09e-25
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.20 -0.24 -0.16 0.02 4.62e-24
Increased employment 0.00 -0.41 0.41 0.21 1.00
Furloughed -0.34 -0.64 -0.04 0.15 0.03
employment_changeEmployment not changed -0.31 -0.55 -0.08 0.12 0.009
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31315 0.26 0.26 1846.76 0.00e+00 6

PHQ retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 9.22 8.54 9.91 0.35 5.15e-149
phq.sum_score_retro 0.57 0.55 0.58 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.40 2.16 2.63 0.12 5.83e-87
Only depressive disorder 1.45 1.15 1.76 0.15 3.30e-21
Only anxiety disorder 0.86 0.50 1.22 0.18 2.14e-06
Eating disorders 0.78 0.46 1.10 0.16 1.49e-06
OCDs 0.51 0.21 0.81 0.15 9.22e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.27 -1.15 0.62 0.45 0.55
Only psychotic disorder -0.34 -1.10 0.42 0.39 0.38
Only bipolar disorder 0.70 0.23 1.17 0.24 0.003
PTSD 0.95 0.67 1.24 0.14 2.94e-11
ASD 0.59 0.02 1.15 0.29 0.04
ADHD 0.72 -0.01 1.44 0.37 0.05
Personality disorder 1.55 1.16 1.94 0.20 1.40e-14
Female 0.68 0.45 0.90 0.12 3.86e-09
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.66 -0.10 1.42 0.39 0.09
19-25 years -2.19 -2.80 -1.58 0.31 1.99e-12
26-35 years -3.37 -3.95 -2.79 0.30 9.38e-30
36-45 years -3.87 -4.46 -3.28 0.30 6.07e-38
46-55 years -3.75 -4.33 -3.16 0.30 3.04e-36
56-65 years -4.05 -4.64 -3.45 0.30 2.88e-40
66-70 years -4.72 -5.60 -3.84 0.45 7.74e-26
71-75 years -4.30 -5.50 -3.11 0.61 1.75e-12
76+ years -4.69 -6.77 -2.62 1.06 9.45e-06
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins -0.06 -0.66 0.55 0.31 0.85
Asian or Asian British 0.12 -0.67 0.90 0.40 0.77
African or African British -0.44 -1.80 0.92 0.69 0.53
Other ethnicity -0.19 -1.23 0.86 0.53 0.73
Key worker -0.11 -0.29 0.06 0.09 0.20
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.20 -0.24 -0.16 0.02 1.59e-21
Increased employment -0.24 -0.66 0.19 0.22 0.27
Furloughed -0.09 -0.40 0.22 0.16 0.58
employment_changeEmployment not changed -0.24 -0.48 0.00 0.12 0.05
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
23090 0.18 0.18 844.05 0.00e+00 6

PHQ prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 5.78 4.36 7.20 0.72 1.60e-15
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.45 0.43 0.47 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 1.18 0.36 2.01 0.42 0.005
Only depressive disorder 0.97 0.07 1.86 0.46 0.03
Only anxiety disorder -0.96 -1.89 -0.02 0.48 0.04
Eating disorders 1.15 0.75 1.54 0.20 1.26e-08
OCDs 0.65 0.29 1.01 0.19 4.39e-04
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.80 -1.87 0.26 0.54 0.14
Only psychotic disorder 0.09 -0.80 0.99 0.46 0.84
Only bipolar disorder 0.85 0.31 1.39 0.27 0.002
PTSD 0.07 -0.28 0.42 0.18 0.71
ASD 0.56 -0.16 1.27 0.37 0.13
ADHD 0.37 -0.56 1.30 0.47 0.44
Personality disorder 1.62 1.14 2.09 0.24 2.43e-11
Female 0.25 -0.09 0.58 0.17 0.15
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.55 -0.40 1.49 0.48 0.26
19-25 years -1.63 -2.60 -0.67 0.49 9.14e-04
26-35 years -3.07 -4.00 -2.14 0.48 1.27e-10
36-45 years -3.36 -4.31 -2.42 0.48 2.89e-12
46-55 years -3.42 -4.36 -2.48 0.48 1.24e-12
56-65 years -3.81 -4.79 -2.83 0.50 2.61e-14
66-70 years -6.01 -7.70 -4.32 0.86 3.69e-12
71-75 years -3.82 -6.40 -1.23 1.32 0.004
76+ years -4.89 -9.52 -0.27 2.36 0.04
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.50 -0.35 1.34 0.43 0.25
Asian or Asian British -0.19 -1.64 1.26 0.74 0.80
African or African British -0.47 -2.54 1.59 1.05 0.65
Other ethnicity 0.29 -1.03 1.61 0.67 0.67
Key worker -0.99 -1.24 -0.74 0.13 4.67e-15
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.04 -0.04 0.11 0.04 0.33
Increased employment 0.13 -0.43 0.69 0.29 0.64
Furloughed -0.55 -1.01 -0.10 0.23 0.02
employment_changeEmployment not changed -0.09 -0.45 0.26 0.18 0.61
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11162 0.02 0.02 44.52 4.15e-54 6

OCIR baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 24.47 21.76 27.18 1.38 3.69e-67
Depressive and anxiety disorder 2.81 1.69 3.93 0.57 9.40e-07
Only depressive disorder 0.24 -1.30 1.78 0.79 0.76
Only anxiety disorder 0.59 -0.97 2.15 0.80 0.46
Eating disorders 0.12 -1.14 1.38 0.64 0.86
OCDs 6.83 5.72 7.94 0.56 4.43e-33
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 6.66 3.70 9.61 1.51 1.03e-05
Only psychotic disorder 4.43 1.67 7.18 1.41 0.002
Only bipolar disorder 3.18 1.26 5.09 0.98 0.001
PTSD 2.60 1.50 3.70 0.56 3.96e-06
ASD 7.81 5.72 9.90 1.07 2.78e-13
ADHD 2.39 -0.38 5.15 1.41 0.09
Personality disorder 3.45 2.01 4.90 0.74 3.03e-06
Female -0.77 -1.90 0.36 0.57 0.18
Non-binary/Self-defined -1.47 -4.53 1.58 1.56 0.35
19-25 years -6.55 -8.87 -4.24 1.18 3.00e-08
26-35 years -8.19 -10.39 -5.98 1.12 4.12e-13
36-45 years -8.18 -10.43 -5.93 1.15 1.21e-12
46-55 years -8.04 -10.24 -5.83 1.13 1.11e-12
56-65 years -8.48 -10.73 -6.24 1.14 1.52e-13
66-70 years -9.11 -12.88 -5.34 1.92 2.24e-06
71-75 years -10.18 -15.42 -4.93 2.68 1.45e-04
76+ years -9.08 -18.09 -0.06 4.60 0.05
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.21 -2.38 2.80 1.32 0.87
Asian or Asian British 2.61 -1.52 6.73 2.10 0.22
African or African British -0.12 -6.84 6.59 3.43 0.97
Other ethnicity 2.36 -1.58 6.30 2.01 0.24
Key worker -1.72 -2.53 -0.91 0.41 3.26e-05
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -0.41 -0.59 -0.23 0.09 1.04e-05
Increased employment 1.67 -0.31 3.66 1.01 0.10
Furloughed -0.02 -1.40 1.36 0.70 0.98
employment_changeEmployment not changed 0.18 -0.92 1.27 0.56 0.75
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5187 0.06 0.06 52.91 1.40e-63 6

OCIR retro

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 18.39 16.14 20.63 1.14 7.25e-56
ocir.sum_score_retro 0.75 0.72 0.78 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder -1.62 -2.51 -0.72 0.46 3.93e-04
Only depressive disorder -1.50 -2.73 -0.28 0.63 0.02
Only anxiety disorder -0.91 -2.14 0.32 0.63 0.15
Eating disorders -0.03 -0.99 0.92 0.49 0.95
OCDs 2.21 1.37 3.06 0.43 3.26e-07
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 3.57 1.32 5.81 1.15 0.002
Only psychotic disorder 1.12 -0.94 3.17 1.05 0.29
Only bipolar disorder 0.34 -1.07 1.74 0.72 0.64
PTSD 1.00 0.17 1.83 0.42 0.02
ASD 2.69 1.08 4.30 0.82 0.001
ADHD 1.90 -0.22 4.02 1.08 0.08
Personality disorder 0.78 -0.30 1.87 0.55 0.16
Female 0.01 -0.86 0.89 0.44 0.98
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.48 -2.83 1.87 1.20 0.69
19-25 years -5.05 -6.97 -3.13 0.98 2.62e-07
26-35 years -5.13 -6.96 -3.29 0.94 4.66e-08
36-45 years -4.67 -6.53 -2.81 0.95 9.13e-07
46-55 years -4.76 -6.59 -2.92 0.94 3.93e-07
56-65 years -3.75 -5.62 -1.88 0.95 8.63e-05
66-70 years -3.58 -6.56 -0.59 1.52 0.02
71-75 years -2.72 -6.95 1.52 2.16 0.21
76+ years -5.42 -12.35 1.51 3.54 0.13
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.24 -1.73 2.21 1.00 0.81
Asian or Asian British 0.76 -2.48 3.99 1.65 0.65
African or African British -0.37 -5.85 5.11 2.79 0.90
Other ethnicity -0.12 -3.04 2.80 1.49 0.94
Key worker -0.46 -1.08 0.16 0.32 0.15
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline -1.41 -1.56 -1.27 0.07 2.50e-79
Increased employment -0.53 -2.02 0.96 0.76 0.49
Furloughed 0.38 -0.69 1.44 0.54 0.49
employment_changeEmployment not changed 0.18 -0.65 1.01 0.43 0.67
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
5094 0.06 0.06 51.24 1.63e-61 6

OCIR prepan

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 2.71 -4.91 10.33 3.89 0.49
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.64 0.53 0.74 0.05 7.33e-30
Depressive and anxiety disorder -3.75 -8.69 1.19 2.52 0.14
Only depressive disorder -5.18 -10.61 0.25 2.77 0.06
Only anxiety disorder -5.45 -10.80 -0.10 2.73 0.05
Eating disorders -0.05 -1.77 1.67 0.88 0.96
OCDs 6.25 4.74 7.75 0.77 7.92e-16
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 4.95 0.57 9.33 2.23 0.03
Only psychotic disorder 1.66 -2.02 5.34 1.88 0.38
Only bipolar disorder 3.05 0.62 5.49 1.24 0.01
PTSD 0.24 -1.27 1.76 0.77 0.75
ASD 5.35 2.13 8.56 1.64 0.001
ADHD -0.87 -5.34 3.60 2.28 0.70
Personality disorder 1.89 -0.02 3.80 0.97 0.05
Female 0.41 -1.37 2.19 0.91 0.65
Non-binary/Self-defined -0.41 -4.67 3.86 2.17 0.85
19-25 years -0.68 -5.55 4.20 2.48 0.79
26-35 years -1.42 -6.20 3.36 2.44 0.56
36-45 years -1.84 -6.65 2.97 2.45 0.45
46-55 years -0.68 -5.50 4.15 2.46 0.78
56-65 years -2.05 -7.03 2.93 2.54 0.42
66-70 years -3.18 -13.20 6.84 5.11 0.53
71-75 years 0.00 -10.77 10.78 5.49 1.00
76+ years -6.21 -28.49 16.07 11.36 0.58
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 2.29 -1.39 5.96 1.87 0.22
Asian or Asian British 1.03 -7.87 9.93 4.54 0.82
African or African British 0.45 -10.40 11.31 5.53 0.93
Other ethnicity 3.52 -2.30 9.35 2.97 0.24
Key worker -1.49 -2.72 -0.27 0.62 0.02
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.62 0.25 0.99 0.19 0.001
Increased employment 3.61 0.90 6.32 1.38 0.009
Furloughed 0.58 -1.65 2.81 1.14 0.61
employment_changeEmployment not changed 1.57 -0.19 3.32 0.89 0.08
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
1786 0.03 0.03 10.03 6.36e-11 6

PCL baseline

Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted

Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 13.97 13.37 14.57 0.31 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 5.35 5.17 5.54 0.09 0.00e+00
Only depressive disorder 2.83 2.59 3.07 0.12 9.66e-118
Only anxiety disorder 2.61 2.32 2.91 0.15 1.19e-66
Eating disorders 0.68 0.41 0.96 0.14 1.36e-06
OCDs 1.18 0.92 1.44 0.13 1.95e-18
Psychotic and bipolar disorder 1.05 0.30 1.80 0.38 0.006
Only psychotic disorder 0.73 0.08 1.38 0.33 0.03
Only bipolar disorder 1.23 0.83 1.64 0.21 1.87e-09
PTSD 2.71 2.46 2.95 0.13 1.68e-101
ASD 0.88 0.39 1.37 0.25 4.52e-04
ADHD 0.76 0.12 1.39 0.32 0.02
Personality disorder 2.69 2.35 3.03 0.18 1.15e-52
Female 0.70 0.52 0.87 0.09 6.52e-15
Non-binary/Self-defined 1.12 0.46 1.79 0.34 9.70e-04
19-25 years -2.09 -2.65 -1.53 0.29 2.37e-13
26-35 years -3.83 -4.35 -3.30 0.27 1.54e-45
36-45 years -4.42 -4.95 -3.89 0.27 2.09e-59
46-55 years -4.67 -5.20 -4.14 0.27 1.92e-67
56-65 years -5.17 -5.70 -4.64 0.27 1.97e-80
66-70 years -6.01 -6.69 -5.33 0.35 1.01e-66
71-75 years -5.71 -6.55 -4.87 0.43 1.02e-40
76+ years -5.01 -6.39 -3.63 0.70 9.99e-13
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.56 0.05 1.07 0.26 0.03
Asian or Asian British 0.90 0.26 1.55 0.33 0.006
African or African British 0.60 -0.49 1.69 0.56 0.28
Other ethnicity 0.63 -0.30 1.56 0.47 0.18
Key worker -0.68 -0.83 -0.54 0.07 3.11e-20
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.00 -0.03 0.03 0.02 0.99
Increased employment -0.19 -0.55 0.17 0.18 0.31
Furloughed -0.48 -0.75 -0.22 0.13 3.47e-04
employment_changeEmployment not changed -0.51 -0.72 -0.31 0.10 1.00e-06
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
31227 0.28 0.28 1988.78 0.00e+00 6

#PCL prepan ### Model 1b: Overlapping disorders, Adjusted Model 0a + Gender_collapsed + age_category_collapsed + Ethnicity_collapsed + Time registration and baseline

Indepent variable Estimate 95% CI low 95% CI up SE p value
Intercept 8.08 6.83 9.34 0.64 3.10e-36
pcl.sum_score_prepan 0.50 0.48 0.52 0.01 0.00e+00
Depressive and anxiety disorder 0.71 -0.02 1.45 0.38 0.06
Only depressive disorder -0.10 -0.89 0.70 0.41 0.81
Only anxiety disorder -0.42 -1.25 0.41 0.42 0.32
Eating disorders 0.30 -0.05 0.65 0.18 0.09
OCDs 0.40 0.08 0.72 0.16 0.01
Psychotic and bipolar disorder -0.08 -1.02 0.86 0.48 0.86
Only psychotic disorder 0.07 -0.72 0.85 0.40 0.87
Only bipolar disorder 0.53 0.06 1.01 0.24 0.03
PTSD 0.72 0.41 1.03 0.16 4.99e-06
ASD 0.13 -0.50 0.76 0.32 0.69
ADHD 0.35 -0.47 1.17 0.42 0.40
Personality disorder 1.08 0.66 1.50 0.21 4.81e-07
Female 0.57 0.27 0.86 0.15 1.75e-04
Non-binary/Self-defined 0.62 -0.22 1.45 0.42 0.15
19-25 years -0.18 -1.03 0.67 0.43 0.67
26-35 years -1.18 -2.01 -0.36 0.42 0.005
36-45 years -1.63 -2.46 -0.80 0.42 1.17e-04
46-55 years -1.72 -2.55 -0.89 0.42 4.65e-05
56-65 years -1.66 -2.53 -0.80 0.44 1.55e-04
66-70 years -3.26 -4.76 -1.76 0.76 2.04e-05
71-75 years -1.83 -4.11 0.44 1.16 0.11
76+ years -2.21 -6.28 1.86 2.08 0.29
Mixed or multiple ethnic origins 0.55 -0.20 1.30 0.38 0.15
Asian or Asian British 0.55 -0.76 1.85 0.66 0.41
African or African British 0.01 -1.81 1.83 0.93 0.99
Other ethnicity 0.42 -0.75 1.60 0.60 0.48
Key worker -0.71 -0.93 -0.49 0.11 2.39e-10
Time difference: Lockdown to baseline 0.11 0.04 0.17 0.03 0.002
Increased employment -0.62 -1.11 -0.12 0.25 0.01
Furloughed -0.74 -1.14 -0.33 0.21 3.48e-04
employment_changeEmployment not changed -0.56 -0.88 -0.25 0.16 4.72e-04
n R2 adjust. R2 F p value df
11081 0.02 0.02 32.92 1.45e-39 6

Forest Plots

functions that assign global variables and need to be in the markdown

run regression models to get normal output

###Standardise linear variables

Run models

###Subset retrospective data by samples

add a single “other ethnicity individual” as a jitter for NBR so this category remains included wihout adding explanation.

Create data frames and plots using functions and models generated above.

Forest plots

disorder

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disorder (no PCL)

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time point

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Warning: geom_hline(): Ignoring `mapping` because `yintercept` was provided.

### Sample (retrospective only)

Warning: geom_hline(): Ignoring `mapping` because `yintercept` was provided.

Warning: geom_hline(): Ignoring `mapping` because `yintercept` was provided.

Warning: geom_hline(): Ignoring `mapping` because `yintercept` was provided.